简介：Background:Europeanforestsareconsideredacrucialresourceforsupplyingbiomasstoagrowingbio-economyinEurope.ThisstudyaimedtoassessthepotentialavailabilityofforestbiomassfromEuropeanforestsanditsspatialdistribution.Wetriedtoanswerthequestions(i)howisthepotentialforestbiomassavailabilityspatiallydistributedacrossEuropeand(ii)wherearehotspotsofpotentialforestbiomassavailabilitylocated?Methods:Thespatialdistributionofwoodybiomasspotentialswasassessedfor2020forstemwood,residues(branchesandharvestlosses)andstumpsfor39Europeancountries.UsingtheEuropeanForestInformationSCENario(EFISCEN)modelandinternationalforeststatistics,weestimatedthetheoreticalamountofbiomassthatcouldbeavailablebasedonthecurrentandfuturedevelopmentoftheforestage-structure,growingstockandincrementandforestmanagementregimes.Wecombinedtheseestimateswithasetofenvironmental(siteproductivity,soilandwaterprotectionandbiodiversityprotection)andtechnical(recoveryrate,soilbearingcapacity)constraints,whichreducedtheamountofwoodybiomassthatcouldpotentiallybeavailable.Wemappedthepotentialbiomassavailabilityatthelevelofadministrativeunitsandatthe10km×10kmgridleveltogaininsightintothespatialdistributionofthewoodybiomasspotentials.Results:Accordingtoourresults,thetotalavailabilityofforestbiomassrangesbetween357and551Tgdrymatterperyear.ThelargestpotentialsupplyofwoodybiomassperunitoflandcanbefoundinnorthernEurope(southernFinlandandSweden,EstoniaandLatvia),centralEurope(Austria,CzechRepublic,andsouthernGermany),Slovenia,southwestFranceandPortugal.However,largepartsofthesepotentialsarealreadyusedtoproducematerialsandenergy.Thedistributionofbiomasspotentialsthatarecurrentlyunusedonlypartiallycoincideswithregionsthatcurrentlyhavehighlevelsofwoodproduction.Conclusions:Ourstudyshowshowthefo

简介：Currentaccountingstandardsandsystemsdonotincludetheaccountingofforestecologicalassets.Withtheincreasingattentionthatpeoplepaytoforestecologicalissuesandtheneedsforaccountinginformationdisclosure,itsvalueaccountinghasbecomeaforefrontissueandhottopicintheaccountingprofession.Theprofoundissuesaboutitsparticularities,accountingrecognitionandmeasurementsaretobesolved.Basedontheanalysisofthefeaturesofforestecologicalassetsanditsimpactsonaccountingrecognitionandmeasurement,thispaperproposesthataccountingrecognitionshouldbebasedontheappraisalandafairvaluemodelissuggestedforinitialandfurthermeasurementofforestecologicalassets.Forthefairvaluemeasurement,theappraisaltechniquesofnon-marketvaluesshouldbegivenmoreconsideration.Anditsvalueappraisalmethodsshouldrefertotheexistingmatureecologicaleconomicorenvironmentaleconomicappraisalmethods.

简介：EstablishedbytheformerMinistryofForestryin1986,DagangshanForestEcosystemResearchStationisoneofthe14nationalkeysitesinthefieldofecosystemresearch.Inthispaper,thebasicsituationofDagangshanForestEcosystemStationisdescribed,includinggeographiclocation,naturalconditions,biologicalresources,researchconditions,instruments,achievement,prospectsetc.

简介：Ectomycorrhizae(ECM)isbecomingtheresearchhotspotbecauseitcanimproveplantnutrientcyclingandstorageandstrengthenplantresistancetoadversityanddisease.ItiswellknownthatECMcanenhanceplantresistancetosoil-borneandstemdiseases.Themechanismsmainlyinclude:planttenderrootswillbeprotectedwellbysheath;ECMcanfacilitateuptakeandtransportcapacityofnutritionandwatertorootsandincreaseplantsvigor;ECMcancontrolorblockpathogenstoinvadetrees;ECMcanactivateresistance-relatedenzymesofthehosts;italsocanformrhizospheremicrobialcolonyandestablishroot-rhizospheremicro-ecologicalenvironment.Somycorrhizaltechnologyhasbecomeoneofthemostimportantmethodsofecologicalcontrolandbiologicalcontrolofplantdiseases.ThispapersummarizestheapplicationanddevelopmentofECMinforestdiseasecontrolandalsoraisessomeideasontheirtheoryandapplicationresearchesinthefuture.

简介：ElevenspeciesofalieninvasiveforestinsectpestshavebeenfoundsincetheearlytimethatinsectspecieshadbeentakenrecordedinChina.Theirorigins,inlanddistribution,invasivetime,hosts,causingdamagearerecordedinthispaperfortheevidenceofbiologicalinvasion.Theircontrolmethodsarealsostudiedordiscussed.

简介：Toimprovetheaccuracyandeffectivenessofforestpestsforecasting,basedoncurrentforecastmodel,integratingthedatabaseandWebGIStechnology,apracticaldesignandconstructionapproachofforestpestknowledgebasewasputforward,andtheforecastsystemonWebapplicationframeworkwasrealizedwithsatisfactoryempiricalresults.

简介：Thestudymadeamonetizedvaluationofeco-serviceprovidedbyforestsatSaihanbaMechanicForestFarmintermsofwaterconservancy,soilconversation,carbonsequestration,micro-climateadjustment,airqualityimprovement,protectionforagriculture,biodiversitymaintenance,andlandscape&recreation.Theresultsrevealedthatthetotalvalueofvariouseco-servicesis3.061billionyuan/a,whiletheeco-servicesofunitareaforestvaluesat42300yuan/(ha·a).

简介：Forestgeneticmapsareanimportantcomponentwithintheforestbiologist’stoolkit,underpinningforestimprovementprograms.Theestimationofforestgeneticmapsisaconceptuallysimpleyetcomputationallycomplexproblem,duetolonggrowthperiodandhighheterozygosisandgeneticloadofforesttrees.Atpresent,somegeneticmapsoftreeshavebeenconstructed.Thispaperreviewedtheprocessofforestgeneticmapconstruction,highlightingitsuniqueness,andpointedouttheproblemsthatmightriseinmapping.Finally,prospectwasmadeforconstructingthehighdensitygeneticmapoftrees.

简介：Forestpropertymortgageopensupanewfinancingchanneltorevitalizeforestresourcesassets,buttherearemanyrestrictionstoforestpropertymortgageloanfromrelevantlegalnormsandpracticesconcerningmortgageloanpolicies.Thepaperanalyzedtheinstitutionaldilemmaofforestpropertymortgageloaninaccordancewithrelevantlawsandpolicies,andthenmadetherecommendations,inordertoprovideameaningfulreferencetoperfectforestpropertymortgageloan.

简介：Foresthasastrongfunctioninstoringwater,conservingsoilandprotectingfarmland.Inthestudy,basedonfleldmanagementandsurvey,theseeffectsofforestinBeijingweredeterminedandquantified.Accordingtotheprinciplesandmethodologyofenvironmenteconomics,thevaluesofforesttoconservesoilandwaterwereaccounted.TheresultshowsthatthetotalvalueofforesttoconservesoilandwaterinBeijingisasmuchas1129.58×10~8yuan,inwhichthevalueofwaterstorageis1107.92×10...

简介：Thesustainableuseofrenewableresourceshasbecomeanimportantissueworldwideinthemovetowardsalessfossil-fuel-intensivefuture.Mainstreammethodforfulfillingthisaimistoincreasetheshareofrenewableenergyandmaterialstosubstitutefossilfuelsandtobecomefullyindependentfromfossilfuelsoverthelong-term.However,theenvironmentalsustainabilityofthisendeavorhasbeenquestioned.Inaddition,economicandsocialsustainabilityissuesarealsomuchdebatedtopicsinthisparticularcontext.Forestresourcesareoftenthoughttocontributepartiallytoachievingaso-called'carbon-neutralsociety'.Inthisreview,wediscusssustainabilityissuesofusingforestbiomass.Wepresentseveralsustainabilityindicatorsforecological,economicandsocialdimensionsanddiscusstheissuesinapplyingtheminsustainabilityimpactassessments(SIAs).WealsopresentanumberoftoolsandmethodspreviouslyusedinconductingSIAs.WeapproachourstudyfromtheperspectiveoftheFinnishforestry;inaddition,variousaspectsregardingtheapplicationofSIAsinabroadercontextarealsopresented.Oneofthekeyconclusionsofthestudyisthatalthoughsufficientdataareavailabletomeasuremanyindicatorsaccurately,theimpactsmaybeverydifficulttoassess(e.g.impactofgreenhousegasesonbiodiversity)forconductingaholisticSIA.Furthermore,someindicators,suchas'biodiversity',aredifficulttoquantifyinthefirstplace.Therefore,amixofdifferentmethods,suchasMulti-criteriaAssessment,Life-cycleAssessmentorCost-BenefitAnalysis,aswellasdifferentapproaches(e.g.thresholdsandstrong/weaksustainability)areneededinaggregatingtheresultsoftheimpacts.SIAsareimportantinsupportingandimprovingtheacceptabilityofdecision-making,butacertaindegreeofuncertaintywillalwayshavetobetolerated.

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简介：Modernforestryfocusingonecologicaldimensionneedssomenewindicatorsdifferentfromthosedesignedforthetraditionalforestry.Onthebasisoftheevaluationindicatorsfortraditionalforestry,suchasforestcoverage,totalstandingstockvolumeandforestvolumeperunitarea,thepapercameupwithanewindicatorcalled"forestthickness"(FT).FTreferstothethicknesswhichcanbegotifusingtotalstockvolumeofforestandtreestocoverthetotallandinagivenarea,anditischargedb...

简介：ChineseForestEcosystemResearchNetwork,estabfishedinlate1950'sanddirectlyconstructedandadministeredbytheScienceandTechnologyDepartmentofStateForestryAdministrationofChina,isalargeecologyresearchnetworkfocusesonlong-termecosystemfixed-observation.Itembodies15sitesthatrepresentdiverseecosystemsandresearchpriorities,including6state-levelsites.CFERNOfficecoordinatescommunications,networkpublications,andresearch-planningactivities.CFERNusestheadvancedgroundandspatialobservationtechnologiessuchasRS,GPS,GIStostudythestructure,functionallawsandfeedbackmechanismofChineseforestecosystem,aswellasitseffectsonChina'ssocialandeconomicdevelopment.ThemaintaskscarriedoutbyCFERNare:(1)constructionofthedatabaseonthestructureandfunctionsofChineseforestecosystemanditsecologicalenvironmentalfactors;(2)thedatabaseconstructionofforestresources,ecologicalenvironment,waterresourcesandrelatedsocialeconomyinbothregionalandnationalscales;(3)theestablishmentofanevaluationsystemofforestecologicaleffectsinChina'smaindrainageareas;(4)theestabfishmentofaforestenvironmentmonitoringnetworkandadynamicpredictionandalarmsystem.

简介：Withtheanalysisonthecharacteristicsofglobalforestcarbonmarketin2010andbasedonthecurrentstatusofChina’sforestcarbonmarket,thepaperpresentedthepathselectionforforestcarbonmarketcultivationinChina,i.e.strengtheningthepromotionandcooperationofinternationalforestcarbonsequestrationprojectstoforwardglobalforestcarbonmarketdevelopment,developingprimarymarkettransactionstosteadilypromotefinancialmarketdevelopment,promotingtheformationofdomesticforestcarbonmarket,andputtingvoluntaryemissionreductionasthepriorityofcurrentmarketdevelopment.

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简介：NexttoCO2,methane(CH4)isthesecondimportantcontributortoglobalwarmingintheatmosphereandglobalatmosphericCH4budgetdependsonbothCH4sourcesandsinks.UnsaturatedsoilisknownasauniquesinkforatmosphericCH4interrestrialecosystem.ManycomparisonstudiesprovedthatforestsoilhadthebiggestcapacityofoxidizingatmosphericCH4invariousunsaturatedsoils.However,uptonow,thereisnotanoverallreviewintheaspectofatmosphericCH4oxidation(consumption)inforestsoil.ThispaperanalyzedadvancesofstudiesonthemechanismofatmosphericCH4oxidation,andrelatednaturalfactors(Soilphysicalandchemicalcharacters,temperatureandmoisture,ambientmaingreenhousegasesconcentrations,treespecies,andforestfire)andanthropogenicfactors(forestclear-cuttingandthinning,fertilization,exogenousaluminumsaltsandatmosphericdeposition,addingbiocides,andswitchofforestlanduse)inforestsoils.ItwasbelievedthatCH4consumptionratebyforestsoilwaslimitedbydiffusionandsensitivetochangesinwaterstatusandtemperatureofsoil.CH4oxidationwasalsoparticularlysensitivetosoilC/N,AmbientCO2,CH4andN2Oconcentrations,treespeciesandforestfire.Inmostcases,anthropogenicdisturbanceswilldecreaseatmosphericCH4oxidation,thusresultingintheelevatingofatmosphericCH4.Finally,theauthorpointedoutthatourknowledgeofatmosphericCH4oxidation(consumption)inforestsoilwasinsufficient.InordertoevaluatethecontributionofforestsoilstoatmosphericCH4oxidationandtheroleofforestplayedintheprocessofglobalenvironmentalchange,andtoforecastthetrendsofglobalwarmingexactly,moreresearchersneedtostudiesfurtheronCH4oxidationinvariousforestsoilsofdifferentareas.

简介：Sincethereformandopeningup,urbandevelopmentinChinahasenteredaperiodofrapidprogress.Whilemakingsignificantachievements,urbanenvironmentalproblemssuchasairpollution,heatislandeffects,waterlossandsoilerosionhavebecomeincreasinglyprominent.TospeeduptheprocessofurbanizationinChina,newchallengeshavebeenimposedonurbanforestdevelopment,urbanenvironmentprotectionandecologicalurbandevelopment.AimedatecologicalandenvironmentproblemsexistinginurbandevelopmentinChina,summarizingChineseexperiencesandlearningfromothercountries,scientificallyplanningurbanforesttopromoteurbanecologicaldevelopment,improvingurbanforestecosystemtoassureurbanecologicalsafety,carryingonforestculturetodevelopurbanecologicalcivilization,havebecomethemaintasksanddirectionforurbanforestdevelopmentinChina.