简介:AIM:Todefinetheultrasonographicstructureofnormallowereyelidanatomiccompartmentsandtheirspacialrelationshipindynamicmotion.METHODS:Highresolutionultrasound(15MHz)wasperformedonthelowereyelidsof7normalsubjects.Movementsofthelowereyelidanditscompartmentswerevisualizedwithultrasound.Inaddition,themaximalexcursionareaofthelowereyelidfatcompartmentsandretractormotionswasmeasuredbeforeandaftermotion.RESULTS:Theorbicularismusclecouldbeseenasanecholucentstructurebetweenthedermisandtheechodencefatpads.Lowereyelidfatpadseemstobedividedinto2compartmentsasrangeofmotionanddirectionofmovementofeachofthemvaries.Itseemsthatthesecompartmentshavealsodifferentbehavior.Themeasuredprofileareaofthevisiblenormallowereyelidfatpadsduringmovementofglobefromup-gazetodown-gazedecreasedby50%.Orderofmovementoflowereyelidstructuresseemstobeasfollows:afterglobemovementfistweseeretractormovement,anteriororbitalfatpad,thenskinandseptum,andfinallymovementofinferiorfatpad.CONCLUSION:Ultrasoundrepresentsanoninvasivetoolforthevisualizationoflowereyelidmorphology.Expandingitsapplicationcouldhelpusunderstandthecompartmentalchangesinphysiologicaleyelidmovement,inaginganddiseasedstudypopulations,aswellasassessoperativeoutcomes.
简介:目的:观察和分析角膜塑形镜治疗后角膜形态的变化,评估角膜塑形镜治疗后光学区偏离中心对控制近视的影响。方法:回顾性临床研究。对134例134眼近视患儿配戴角膜塑形镜矫治近视,平均年龄10.66±1.79岁,均取右眼数据进行研究。分别在戴镜前及戴镜后3、6、12、18、24mo检查视力、眼轴和角膜地形图。使用SPSS19.0进行统计学分析。结果:戴镜后3、6、12、18、24mo的光学区偏瞳孔中心距离分别为0.84±0.45、0.77±0.40、0.79±0.41、0.78±0.41、0.79±0.42mm,差异无统计学意义(F=1.187,P=0.319)。戴镜24mo后平均光学区偏中心距离为0.79±0.35mm,眼轴增长均值为0.32±0.30mm。戴镜24mo后平均偏中心距离轻度(<0.5mm)、中度(0.5~1.0mm)、重度(>1.0mm)的眼轴增长分别为0.45±0.34、0.32±0.28、0.23±0.29mm,差异有统计学意义(F=3.825,P=0.024)。戴镜后的平均偏中心距离和眼轴增长经线性回归分析,其线性关系有统计学意义(F=7.246,P=0.008),线性回归方程Y=0.478-0.194X。戴镜24mo后,18眼有重影,其偏中心距离均值1.18±0.36mm;116眼无重影,其偏中心距离均值0.73±0.31mm,偏中心距离比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.59,P<0.01)。结论:光学区偏中心距离在角膜塑形镜治疗3mo后趋于稳定,且对控制近视的效果和视觉质量有影响。
简介:目的探讨一种规范化的的高度近视白内障超声乳化方式,总结手术注意点。方法选取高度近视白内障患者91例(91眼)均予以超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术治疗并总结。结果所有病例的术后裸眼视力均优于术前裸眼视力。术后第1天裸眼视力≥0.2共72眼(79.12%),≥0.5共37只眼(40.66%);术后3月裸眼视力≥0.2共85只眼(93.41%),≥0.5共42只眼(46.15%)。最佳矫正视力≥0.2共89只眼(97.80%),最佳矫正视力≥0.5共72只眼(79.12%)。术前散光度平均1.10D±0.78D,术后3月散光度平均1.25D±0.72D。术后散光度与术前散光度比较,差异无显著性(t=1.166,P=0.261)。无瞳孔严重变形、视网膜脱离、囊样黄斑水肿、瞳孔夹持、青光眼以及顽固性葡萄膜炎等并发症。结论低能量,高负压,低灌注,连续环形撕囊,双手劈核技术对于高度近视白内障患者更加安全有效。
简介:目的分析个性化角膜切口对白内障术后角膜散光及裸眼视力的影响。方法90例(106眼)白内障患者分为2组,试验组选择位于角膜最大屈光度径线上透明角膜切口,对照组选择11:00处的透明角膜切口,行白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术。术前及术后1周、1个月、3个月分别检测患者角膜散光及视力情况。结果术后1个月和3个月试验组裸眼视力分别为(4.9±0.15)、(5.0±0.15),显著优于对照组的(4.8±0.18)、(4.8±0.20),差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。术后1个月和3个月试验组角膜散光度分别为(0.78±0.39)、(0.79±0.40),明显低于对照组的(1.53±0.32)、(1.52±0.28),差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论白内障患者术前大多存在〈1.5D的角膜散光。采用个性化角膜切口可降低白内障手术角膜源性散光,术后视力恢复好,是一种简便、可行的手术切口。(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2013,13:168—169,172)
简介:目的:通过对Q值调整非球面切削与标准化LASIK术后视觉质量的观察来分析Q值引导个性化切削技术的临床效果。方法:对2008-01/05等效球镜低于-12.00D的46例88眼进行非球面切削或标准化LASIK术后进行随访,按术前屈光度数将其分为A组(〈-6.00D)和B组(-6.00~-12.00D)两组,对比各组非球面切削与标准化LASIK术后1mo裸眼视力、Q值、夜间眩光、夜间视物质量及满意率(后3者采取问卷调查)。结果:A、B组内非球面切削与标准化LASIK术后裸眼视力差异无统计学意义(t=1.18,P〉0.05;t=0.62,P〉0.05);A、B组内非球面切削与标准化LASIK术后Q值差异无统计学意义(t=-0.93,P〉0.05;t=-0.372,P〉0.05);A组内非球面切削与标准化LASIK术后眩光、夜间视物质量差异无统计学意义(眩光:χ^2=2.397,P&gt;0.05;夜间视物质量:χ2=1.263,P〉0.05);B组内非球面切削与标准化LASIK术后眩光、夜间视物质量差异有统计学意义(眩光:χ^2=10.85,P〈0.01;夜间视物质量:χ^2=10.85,P〈0.01);术后效果满意率达到98%。结论:非球面切削能明显改善-6.00D以上的术后主观视觉质量。
简介:目的:探讨规模化白内障手术中高龄及其伴全身疾病患者安全性。方法:回顾性分析"爱心光明行"活动中高龄及其伴全身疾病患者的临床资料。结果:本组高龄伴全身疾病患者213例(90.6%),其中循环系统疾病、代谢性疾病、呼吸系统疾病分别占65.1%,13.6%和11.1%。术前因首次全身疾病评估暂缓手术25例(10.6%),经有效治疗后手术。手术脱残率95.4%,脱盲率84.2%,12例视力〈0.1患者眼底检查均有不同程度的眼底病变。结论:加强术前综合因素评估,充分治疗全身疾病,严格掌握手术适应证,术中监护,操作轻巧,手术时间10~15min,是保证规模化白内障手术中高龄或伴全身疾病患者安全性的有效措施。
简介:目的对临床可疑青光眼患者进行长期的偏振激光扫描仪联合个体化角膜补偿技术(scanninglaserpolarimetrywithvariablecornealcompensation,GDxVCC)随访,分析GDxVCC对该类患者的诊断价值。方法选取门诊可疑青光眼的眼底检查视乳头杯/盘比(C/D)≥0.4,或双眼不对称且C/D差值〉10.2,静态视野检查结果正常患者68例,随访前后均用GDxVCC检查(采用相同的角膜补偿值)。如双跟C/D值相同,随机选取1眼,如C/D值不同,则选取C/D值大的1眼,对结果进行t检验统计学分析。结果随访时间6~30个月,平均(12.5±7.0)个月,眼底C/D值为0.57±0.17。随访前后GDxVCC检查:椭圆平均值分别为50.33±7.72和49.66±8.12,上方平均值为58.72±13.56和58.18±12.01,下方平均值为60.71±11.31和59.13±11.95,神经纤维指数为30.85±19.62和33.03±21.22,差异无统计学意义,但从绝对数值上,椭圆平均值、上方平均值和下方平均值变小,神经纤维指数变大。其中7例(10.3%)诊断为青光眼,21例(30.9%)排除青光眼,40例(58.8%)仍需进一步随访。结论对临床怀疑青光眼的患者应长期进行随访,GDxVCC随访对青光眼的诊断有一定的价值。(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2009,9:92—94)
简介:目的:探讨激光周边虹膜成形术(laserperipheraliridoplasty,LPIP)治疗急性闭角型青光眼(acuteangle-closureglaucoma,AACG)急性发作期药物不能控制的高眼压持续状态中的疗效。方法:原发性急性闭角型青光眼67例69眼发作期药物治疗3~6h后眼压仍〉30mmHg时,行LPIP治疗。监测术前和术后30,60min和2h眼压、视力变化。应用UBM测量术前、术后2h房角宽度和虹膜厚度,并应用房角镜观察前房角粘连情况。结果:LPIP后2h,房角开放距离(AOD)较术前明显增大(P〈0.01),小梁虹膜夹角(TIA)增宽、部分患者周边虹膜前粘连(PAS)减少、周边虹膜变薄。所有患者眼压在激光虹膜成形术后不同时间均有不同程度下降。术前平均眼压53.81±10.22mmHg,术后30min平均眼压33.81±9.22mmHg,术后60min为21.93±7.19mmHg,2h后眼压下降至15.16±3.07mmHg,治疗前后差异有显著统计学意义(F=151.79,P〈0.01)。同时所有患者视力都有所提高。结论:LPIP可以明显加深患者的周边前房,增宽房角入口,降低患者眼压,是治疗AACG急性发作期药物不能控制高眼压持续状态的重要辅助措施,为青光眼的进一步治疗创造了条件,并且能够改善预后。
简介:AIM:Toassesstheeffectivenessofimmunosuppressantsintheprophylaxisofcornealallograftrejectionafterhigh-riskkeratoplastyandnormal-riskkeratoplasty.METHODS:WesearchedtheCochraneCentralRegisterofControlledTrials(CENTRAL),MEDLINE,EMBASE,CNKI,VIPandreferencelistsofarticles.Dateofmostrecentsearch:18June,2011.Allrandomisedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)assessingtheuseofimmunosupressantsinthepreventionofgraftrejection,irrespectiveofpublicationlanguage.Twoauthorsassessedtrialqualityandextracteddataindependently.Onlydichotomousoutcomes(cleargraftsurvival,ratioofimmunereactionsandsideeffects)wereavailableandwereexpressedasrelativerisk(RR)and95%confidenceintervals(CI).RESULTS:Sevenstudieswereincludedinthisreview.Inthecomparingofmycophenolatemofetil(MMF)withplacebo,theresultsshowedMMFcouldsignificantlyreduceimmunereactionscomparedwithplacebo(RR1.0895%Cl0.95to1.21),butnoeffectoncleargraftsurvival(RR1.1195%Cl0.90to1.35).Incleargraftsurvivalandimmunereactions,MMFandcyclosporineA(CsA)showedsimilareffect(RR1.1195%Cl0.90to1.35,andRR1.48,95%Cl0.56to3.93,respectively).Tacrolimus(FK506)andsteroidshowedsimilareffectsoncleargraftsurvivalandimmunereactions(RR0.32,95%CI0.02to6.21,andRR1.00,95%CI0.88to1.14,respectively).Nodrugrelativesideeffecthasbeenfound.CONCLUSION:MMFmayreduceimmunereactionsinbothnormal-riskandhigh-riskrejectionofpenetratingkeratoplasty.CsAandFK506showedsimilareffectsasMMF.However,duetothelackoflargeclinicaltrials,theevidenceremainweak,thequalityofevidenceswereratedasverylowtomoderate.Large,properlyrandomised,placebo-controlled,doublemaskedtrialsareneededtoevaluatetheeffectofimmunosuppressants.
简介:AIM:Toevaluatetheaccuracyofsphericalequivalent(SE)estimatesofadouble-passsystemandtocompareitwithretinoscopy,subjectiverefractionandatablemountedautorefractor.METHODS:Non-cycloplegicrefractionwasperformedon125eyesof65healthyadults(age23.5±3.0years)fromOctober2010toJanuary2011usingretinoscopy,subjectiverefraction,autorefraction(AutokeratorefractometerTOPCONKR-8100,Japan)andadoublepasssystem(OpticalQualityAnalysisSystem,OQAS,VisiometricsS.L.,Spain).Nineconsecutivemeasurementswiththedouble-passsystemwereperformedonasubgroupof22eyestoassessrepeatability.ToevaluatethetruenessoftheOQASinstrument,theSElaboratorybiasbetweenthedoublepasssystemandtheothertechniqueswascalculated.RESULTS:TheSEmeancoefficientofrepeatabilityobtainedwas0.22D.SignificantcorrelationscouldbeestablishedbetweentheOQASandtheSEobtainedwithretinoscopy(r=0.956,P<0.001),subjectiverefraction(r=0.955,P<0.001)andautorefraction(r=0.957,P<0.001).ThedifferencesinSEbetweenthedouble-passsystemandtheothertechniquesweresignificant(P<0.001),butlackedclinicalrelevanceexceptforretinoscopy;Retinoscopygavemorehyperopicvaluesthanthedouble-passsystem-0.51±0.50Daswellasthesubjectiverefraction-0.23±0.50D;Moremyopicvalueswereachievedbymeansofautorefraction0.24±0.49D.CONCLUSION:Thedouble-passsystemprovidesaccurateandreliableestimatesoftheSEthatcanbeusedforclinicalstudies.Thistechniquecandeterminethecorrectfocuspositiontoassesstheocularopticalquality.However,ithasarelativelysmallmeasuringrangeincomparisonwithautorefractors(-8.00to+5.00D),andrequirespriorinformationontherefractivestateofthepatient.
简介:AIM:ToIntroduceanewspecializedvisualacuitychartforamblyopicchildrenaged3-5yearsoldanditsclinicalapplications.METHODS:ThenewvisualacuitychartandnotationsweredesignedbasedonWeber-Fechnerlaw.Theoptotypeswereredagainstawhitebackgroundandwerespeciallyshapedfourbasicgeometricsymbols:circle,square,triangle,andcross.Aregulargeometricprogressionoftheoptotypesizesanddistributionwasemployedtoarrangein14lines.Theprogressionrateoftheoptotypesizebetweentwolineswas1.2589andthetestingdistancewas3m.VisualacuityscorecouldberecordedaslogMARnotationordecimalnotation.Agestratifieddiagnosticcriteriaforamblyopiaestablishedbyconsensusstatementondiagnosisofamblyopia(2011)amongmembersoftheStrabismusandPediatricOphthalmologyGroup,OphthalmologySociety,ChineseMedicalAssociation(SPOGOSCMA)wereillustratedinthenewvisualacuitychart.RESULTS:Whenassessingvisualacuityinchildrenaged3-5yearsold,thisnewvisualacuitychartthatconsistsoffoursymmetricalshapes(triangle,square,cross,andcircle)overcameaninabilitytorecognizethelettersofthealphabetanddifficultiesindesignatingthedirectionofblackabstractsymbolssuchasthetumbling’E’orLandolt’C’,whichthesubjectswerepronetoloseinterestin.Thevisualacuityscoremayberecordedindifferentnotations:decimalacuityandlogMAR.Thesetwonotationscanbeeasilyconvertedeachotherintheneweyechart.Themeasurementsofthisnewchartnotonlyshowedasignificantcorrelationandagoodconsistencywiththeinternationalstandardlogarithmicvisualacuitychart(r=0.932,P<0.01),butalsoindicatedahightest-retestreliability(89%ofretestscoreswerewithin0.1logMARunitsoftheinitialtestscore).CONCLUSION:Theresultsofthisstudysupportthevalidityandreliabilityofdistancevisualacuitymeasurementsusingtheneweyechartinchildrenaged3to5yearsoverawiderangeofvisualacuities,andtheneweyechartisgreatforearl