简介：Inthisinvestigation,attemptsaremadetoexaminetheeffectsofsoil-structureinteractiononthedeflectionmodificationfactorofmultistorybuildingsandtoclarifytheroleofdeformablesoilonthisfactor.Acomprehensivestudyisconductedtoinvestigatetheeffectofinertialinteractionondisplacementdemandratiosinsoil-structuresystemswithdifferentstructuralcharacteristicsandvariousnon-dimensionalparameters,usingasimplifiedinteractingmodel.Atwo-stepregressionanalysisofthenonlinear,dynamiccomputersimulationresultsobtained,leadstoareliableandaccurateformulaforpredictingdeflectionmodificationfactorsthatincorporatefoundationflexibility.Theresultsillustratethattheapplicationofdeflectionmodificationfactorsderivedfromfixed-basestructurescanleadtounsafeevaluationofthestructuresonsoftsoil.Theproposedformulaprovidesausefultoolfordesignengineerstoincorporatetheeffectofsoil-structureinteractionintotheevaluationofstructuraldeformations.

简介：植被盖子在土壤在水流动上有主要效果。二个地点，由大约50m的距离分开了，被选择确定hydrophysical参数和在出现在一个大雨追随者期间的沙的土壤的水流动的异质上的草盖子的影响一个长热的、干燥时期。有植被或有机物的有限影响的控制土壤(纯沙)被采样在一个森林中的空地区域下面在50厘米深度获得，并且草地土壤在10厘米被盖住由草的厚腐殖的层和colonised。水抵抗性的坚持用微型磁盘infiltrometer用水落下穿入时间测试，sorptivity和不饱和的水力的电导率被测量，并且浸透用双戒指infiltrometer的水力的电导率。染料tracer实验被用来估计水流动，和两个的异质为估计有效的生气的节的修改方法和为估计优先的流动的度的一个原来的方法被用来确定从染的土壤的图象的这异质介绍。大多数hydrophysical参数在二表面之间是实质地不同的。草地土壤有水抵抗性的一个索引大约10次纯沙和水抵抗性的坚持的乘纯沙的的几乎350。分别地，在草地土壤的水和乙醇sorptivities纯沙的那些是7%和43%。在草地土壤的水力的电导率和浸透的水力的传导性分别地是纯沙的5%那些和16%。染料tracer实验与“air-draining”揭示了稳定的流动在纯沙的状况和在草地土壤的开发得好的优先的流动，相应于单个草丛、小微消沉。草地土壤是实质地，更多流水讨厌、有3与纯沙相比预定优先的流动的度。这研究的结果增强我们在气候的任何变化的后果，将最终影响水文学，将在草地和赤裸的土壤之间是显著地不同的看法。

简介：土壤侵蚀是对我们的陆上的生态系统和一个重要全球环境问题的主要威胁。在中国的黄土高原是承受了在过去的十年温暖并且弄干的更严重的土壤侵蚀和经历的气候的区域之一。命名Grain-to-Green节目现在一直在操作超过10年了的植被恢复。估计土壤侵蚀的变化和降水和植被恢复的反应在黄土高原上玷污侵蚀是必要的。在学习，修订通用土壤损失方程(RUSLE)被使用评估走水路引起侵蚀的年度土壤损失。结果如下出现了。在2000和2010之间的黄土高原上的土壤侵蚀为15.2thm2a1平均并且为价值作为光被描绘不到25thm2a1。比25thm2a1高的严重土壤侵蚀主要在溪谷和多山的区域被散布在中央，西南，并且黄土高原上的地球岩石的多山的区域的一些散布区域。黄土高原上的土壤侵蚀在最近的十年显示出一个死亡趋势并且以率减少了更多在承受严重土壤损失的区域的超过1thm2a1。得益于改进植被盖子和生态的建设，黄土高原上的土壤侵蚀显著地被拒绝特别在Yulin的东方，最在山西省在Luliang和Linfen府的Shaanxi省，和西方Yanan府分开在多山并且溪谷区域。植被盖子反应在这些区域玷污侵蚀的变化比降水显示出相对更高的贡献。然而，在在Gansu省的Qingyang和Dingxi府和在NingxiaHui自治区域的Guyuan的大多数区域是主要与降水有关。

简介：Determiningthephysicalandmechanicalpropertiesofsoilanditsbehaviorforengineeringprojectsisessentialforroadconstructionoperations.Oneofthemostimportantprinciplesinforestroadconstruction,whichisusuallyneglected,istoavoidmixingorganicmatterwithroadmaterialsduringexcavationandembankmentconstruction.Thecurrentstudyaimedtoassesstheinfluenceoforganicmatteronthephysicalpropertiesandmechanicalbehaviorsofforestsoilandtoanalyzetherelationbetweentheamountoforganicmatterandthebehaviorofforestsoilasroadmaterial.Atypicalsoilsamplefromthestudyareawascollectedbesideanewlyconstructedroadbed.Thesoilwasmixedwithdifferentpercentagesoforganicmatter(controltreatment,5,10,and15%bymass)anddifferenttestsincludingAtterberglimits,standardcompaction,andCaliforniabearingratio(CBR)testswereconductedonthesedifferentsoilmixtures.Theresultsshowedthatsoilplasticityincreasedlinearlywithincreasingorganicmatter.Increasingtheorganicmatterfrom0%(control)to15%resultedinanincreaseof11.64%oftheplasticlimitand15.22%oftheliquidlimitafterdryingat110℃.Also,increasingtheorganicmattercontentreducedthesoilmaximumdrydensityandincreasedtheoptimummoisturecontent.Increasingtheorganicmatterfrom0to15%resultedinanincreaseof11.0%oftheoptimummoisturecontentandadecreaseof0.29g/cm3ofthemaximumdrydensity.OrganicmatterdecreasedtheCBR,whichisusedastheindexofroadstrength.Adding15%organicmattertothesoilresultedinadecreaseoftheCBRfrom15.72to4.75%.Therewasasignificantdifferencebetweenthetwodryingtemperatures(60and110℃)forthesameorganicmattermixtureswithlowerwatercontentvaluesafterdryingat60℃.Theresultsrevealedtheadverseinfluenceoforganicmatteronsoilengineeringpropertiesandshowedtheimportanceoforganicmatterremovalbeforeexcavationandfillconstruction.

简介：ForestmanagementisexpectedtoinfluencesoilCO2efflux(FCO2)asaresultofchangesinmicroenvironmentalconditions,soilmicroclimate,androotdynamics.SoilFCO2ratewasmeasuredduringthegrowingseasonof2006inboththinningandnon-thinninglocationswithinstandsrangingfrom0to8yearsafterthemostrecentthinninginChinesefir(Cunninghamialanceolata(Lamb.)Hook)plantationsinHuitongEcosystemResearchStation,Hunan,China.SoiltemperatureandmoisturewerealsomeasuredtoexaminerelationshipsbetweenFCO2andsoilproperties.ForestthinningresultedinhugechangesinFCO2thatvariedwithtimesincecutting.Immediatelyfollowingharvest(year0)FCO2inthinningareaincreasedbyabout30%,declinedto20%–27%belowpre-cuttinglevelsduringyears4–6,andrecoveredtopre-cuttinglevelsat8yearspost-cutting.Asimilartemporalpattern,butwithsmallerchanges,wasfoundinnon-thinninglocations.TheinitialincreaseinFCO2couldbeattributedtoacombinationofrootdecay,soildisturbance,andincreasedsoiltemperatureingaps,whilethesubsequentdecreaseandrecoverytothedeathandgradualregrowthofactiveroots.StrongeffectsofsoiltemperatureandsoilwatercontentonFCO2werefound.ForestthinningmainlyinfluencedFCO2throughchangesintreerootrespiration,andthenetresultwasadecreaseinintegratedFCO2fluxthroughtheentirefellingcycle.

简介：AdsorptionofCr(VI)andp-chloroanilineonthreetypicalsoilcolloidsandpHinfluencewerestudiedusingbatchequilibriummethod.BothofCr(VI)andp-chloroanilineadsorptiononthecolloidscouldbewelldescribedbygeneraladsorptionsimulationequations,TheadsorptionprocesseschangedwithmediapH.WhenCr(VI)andp-chloroanilinecoexistedonsoilcolloids,theirinteractionscouldbeobservedinacertainpHrangetobeaccompaniedwithCr(VI)reduction,whichclearlysuggestedthatasurfacecatalyticreactionoccurredinthissystem.SoilcolloidactedasaneffcientcatalystfortheinteractionofCr(VI)andp-chloroaniline.ThepHvaluesatwhichnointeractionwasobservedwere4.0,4.5and5.0forthecolloidsofindigoticblacksoil,yellow-brownsoilandlatosol,respectively,Capillaryelectrophoresisusedtoanalyzep-chloroanilineprovidedahighseparationefficiencyandshortseparationtime,andneedednomoreextensivepretreatmentofsamples.

简介：把没有庄稼植被，广泛地在国外被使用的平衡模型，温度和湿度在完整的照明回答联合温室土壤的模型的精力基于表面被建立。就在温室，弱太阳的放射和土壤的很少表面蒸发的相对关上的环境而言，在不同土壤层的水内容的每日的变化可以被忽视，然后，温度和湿度地联合模型被简化到一个一个维的热散开模型。简化模型和湿度地联合模型采用了土壤的一样的计算方法物理参数和热散开的分离格式微分方程，并且没有庄稼植被，在完整的照明在温室土壤被用于温度地的连续模拟。通过在模拟结果和试验性的数据之间的比较，简化模型的精确被验证。在24h周期的土壤热流动变化的典型规则也被获得。

简介：AredsoilderivedfromQuaternaryredclaywasemployedtostudynutrientleachingwithwoilcolumnsrepackedinlaboratory,TheobjectivewastoidentifytheeffectsoffertilizationpracticesonleachingpatternsandmagnitudesofCa^2+,Mg^2+,K^+,NH4^+,andNO3^-,ThetreatmentswereCK(asacontrol),CaCO3,CaSO4,MgCO3,Ca(H2PO4)2,urea,KCl,andmultiple(amixtureoftheabove-mentionedfertilizers),Thefertilizerswereaddedtothebaresurfaceofthesoilcolumns,andthenthecolumnswereleachedwith120mLdeionizedwaterdailythroughperistalticpumpsoveraperiodof92days.LeachingprocessesofNH4^+,andNO3^-wereonlymeasuredinCK,ured,andmultipletreatmentswhichweredirectlyrelatedtoNleaching,ResultsshowedthatsoleapplicationofCaSO4,andCa(H2PO4)2scarcelyhdanyeffectonthelechinglossesofCa^2+,Mg^2+,andK^+;theapplicationofMgCO3sthimulatedtheleachingofMg^2+;theapplicationofCaCO3promotedtheleachingofCa^2+,Mg^2+andK^+;ureatreatmentalsopromotedtheleachingofK^+andNH4^+,andNO3^-leachingmainlyoccurredatlatestageofleachingprocessinparticular;underKCltreatment,leachingofCa^2+,Mg^2+,andK^+waspromotedtoalargeextent;undermultipletreatment,leachingofCa^2+,Mg^2+,K^+,NH4^+,andNO3^-wasallincreasedandNO3^-wasmainlyleachedattheendofleachingprocessandstillhadatrendofincrease.

简介：因为快速的都市化和工业化，在仙子城市的区域的蔬菜地在中国收到大量体外的重金属。在30的Cu，Zn，和Pb的集中玷污样品和32件蔬菜样品，在中国的南部的江苏省从30个不同地点收集了，被测量，他们到蔬菜的从土壤的转移被决定。结果证明土壤样品有pH的宽范围(4.257.85)并且电的电导率(EC)(0.243.42dSm?1)。在土壤样品之中，有四件土壤样品和比那些在中国土壤指定环境优秀标准II包含更高的Zn集中的二件土壤样品，包含更高的Cu。然而，没有蔬菜样品被发现包含Cu或Zn的高水平。相反，一件蔬菜样品包含了0.243mgPbkg?1FW，在中国食物卫生标准上面，而相应土壤Pb集中比汉语低，玷污环境优秀标准II。所有蔬菜样品的Cu的转移系数超过了建议系数范围，暗示体外的Cu有到蔬菜的高活动性和简历可获得性。在可引出的土壤之间没有重要关联有四种提炼之物和土壤pH的重金属集中，EC，在蔬菜和土壤的重金属集中除了土壤pH与1.0摩尔L与可引出的土壤Cu，Zn，和Pb集中相关很好之外?1NH4NO3。而且，diethylenetriaminepentaacetic酸(DTPA)抽取方法比另外的三个方法使用是从土壤pH和EC的土壤独立人士提取重金属的一个更有效的方法。

简介：Anincubationexperimentwasconductedtosimulatetheeffectoffloodingonwaterdeoxygenationinacidsulfatesoilfloodplainsystems.Theoriginallyoxygenated'floodwater'couldbedeoxygenatedimmediatelyfollowing'flooding'anditislikelythatthiswascausedmainlybydecompositionoforganicdebrisfromtheinundatedplants.Deoxygenationeventuallyledtothedepletionofdissolvedoxygen(DO)inthe'floodwater'anditishighlypossiblethatthisresultedinthetransformationsofferricFetoferrousFe,sulfatetohydrogensulfide,andorganicnitrogentoammonia(ammonification).Theaccumulationofthesereducedsubstancesallowsthe'floodwater'todevelopDO-consumingcapacity(DOCC).Whenthe'floodwater'ismixedwiththeintroducedoxygenatedwater,apartfromthedilutioneffects,thereducedsubstancescontainedinthe'floodwater'oxidizetofurtherconsumeDOcarriedbytheintroducedwater.However,itappearsthattheDOdropinthemixedwatercanonlylastforafewhoursifnoadditionalDO-depleted'floodwater'isadded.EntryofatmosphericoxygenintothewatercanraisetheDOlevelofthemixedwaterandlowerwaterpHthroughtheoxidationofthereducedsubstances.

简介：

简介：在开发和Folsomia的鸡蛋的孵化成功的CaCl2,CuCl2,ZnCl2和PbCl2的效果坦白一(Collembola)在实验室条件下面被学习。从同步文化的几千个健康鸡蛋在与金属的不同集中对待的土壤被孵化。与水控制相比，当Cu，Pb和Zn的集中到达了400，1600和800时，鸡蛋开口显著地减少了mg/kg干燥土壤分别地。EC50的值(孵化)根据指数的模型的意见计算的,(与在方括号的95%信心限制)，是625(407875)，2361(20642687)并且1763(15482000)mg/kg为Cu，Pb和Zn的干燥土壤分别地。当Cu集中到达了1600mg/kg时，弄干土壤，鸡蛋变得绿色和绿鸡蛋的百分比变化了从5%20%在为2天到的孵化以后15%30%在为4天的孵化以后。在3200mgCu/kg干燥土壤，在鸡蛋内的纸巾黑、皱缩。

简介：这评论在三种尺寸在流量和土壤损失上总结植被的效果：垂直植被结构(未葬植被盖子，表面崽层和地下的根)，植物差异，植被模式和他们的规模特征。在有流量和土壤损失的植被因素之间的量的关系被描述。为描述包含植被，侵蚀和规模的关系的一个框架被建议。为各种各样的侵蚀过程的每种植被尺寸的相对重要性越过规模变化。与侵蚀特征的发展(即，骚动，interrill，小河和溪谷)，在控制流量和土壤损失的垂直植被结构的主要因素变化从未葬生物资源到根。植物差异层次与垂直植被结构被相关并且当植被模式也越过规模维持批评功能时，在小规模起一个关键作用(即，补丁，斜坡，集水和盆/区域)。为未来学习的几个话题在这评论被建议，例如为生态的恢复决定有效植被体系结构，以考虑植被模式的动力学，并且识别包含植被的三种尺寸的相互作用。

简介：Fourtestingmethodsusingcationexchangemembrane(CEM),ammoniumacetate,ASI(0.25molL^-1NaHCO3+0.01molL^-1EDTA+0.01molL^-1NH4F)and1.0molL^-1boilingnitricacid,respectively,wereusedtoevaluatesoilavailableK.ThesoilKtestedbyCEMwassignificantlycorrelatedwiththatbytheother(conventional)methods(r^2=0.43^**-0.95^***).ThesoilKtestedbyCEMsaturatedwithNH4HCO3(15minextraction)wasmostcloselycorrelatedwiththatbytheothermethods(r^2=0.60^**-0.95^***),Potassiumavailability,aspredictedbysoiltest,wascomparabletoactualKuptakebycanolaandwheatgrownonthesoilsingrowthchamber.RegressionanalysesshowedthatplantKuptakewasmorecloselycorrelatedwihtKextractedbyCEM(r^2=0.56^**-0.81^***)thanthatbytheconventionalmethods(r^2=0.46^***-0.81^***),mostcolselycorrelatedwiththatbyNH4HCO3-saturatedCEMfor15min(r^2=0.81^***).andworstcorrelatedwiththatbyHNO3(r^2=0.45^**-0.72^***)

简介：Researchsamplesweretakenfromanancientgravelstratumwhichisnotonlyarepresentativesoillayeralongthemiddle-lowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverinEastChina,butalsooneoftheprimaryNeozoicstratainNanjingdistrict.Locatedmostlyonthesecondandthirdterraces,theancientgravelstrataformedthegeomorphiclandscapesofterraceandstep.Theywerecomplexinconstitution,variedwidelyinstability,ofmultiplesources,locallyderived,andassociatedwithbraidedstreamsinthedepositionenvironment.ACIPW(Cross,Iddings,PirssonandWashington)methodmodifiedbytheauthorwasusedtoanalyzethesoi-rock-formingmaterialsoffinergrains(lessthan2mminsize)oftheancientgravelstratum.Resultsoftheanalysisshowedthatthesandygrainswerecomposedofapatite,ilmenite,potassiumfeldspar,plagioclase,enstatiteandfreequartz,theclaymainlyofkaolinite,andthecementofacombinationofsilicon,aluminumandironataratioof46:44:10.Inthesoil-rock-formingprocesses,includingcompactionalsolidification,water-stableilluviation-cementation,homogeneousovergrowthandsoon,theloosesoil-rock-formingcomponentsgraduallychangedintoconsolidatedsoilandfurthertotheearlystageoflithification.Meanwhile,fromtheanalysis,wefoundthattheancientgravelstratumhadbeenprotectedbytheoverlyingXiashuloessorbasaltandtheoverloadingresultedinoverconsolidatedstrata.ThemodifiedCIPWmethodwasapplicableandeffectiveforsemi-quantitativeanalysis.

简介：对代表频率依赖者土壤阻抗的简化物理模型的需要是在在整个历史的许多研究后面的动机。通常，如此的模型被产生在大量刺激频率捕获阻抗功能，它导致相对复杂的模型。是当只有确实影响结构的反应的频率的一个有限范围时。这里，新方法论基于匹配反应的概念被建议，它能导致更简单的分离模型的发展。这个想法然后被用来升级存在到嵌入的基础的盒子的表面基础的简单模型。在频率领域和有嵌入的基础的土壤结构系统的时间领域分析的模型的适用性被讨论。而且，结果的精确性与另一存在相比为嵌入的基础的分离模型。

简介：ThroughapotculturelanthanumnitratewasappliedtomaizeseedlingsgrowninaredloamysoiltoinvestigatethephysiologicalandtoxiceffectsofaddedLaonthegrowthofcropseedlingsandLabioaccumulationtohelpunderstandtheenvironmentalchemistrybehaviorsofrareearthelementasfertilizersinsoils.Comparedtothecontrol,LaconcentrationsinshootsandespeciallyinrootsofmaizeseedlingsincreasedwithanincreaseofLainthesoil.Also,withaddedconcentrationsofLa≥0.75gLakg-1soiland≥0.05gLakg-1soil,thedryweightofshootsandrootsofmaizeseedlingswassignificantlyreduced(P≤0.05),respectively,comparedwiththecontrol.Additionally,La≥0.5gkg-1inthesoilsignificantlyinhibited(P≤0.05)primaryrootelongation.RootsweremoresensitivetoLastressthanshootsandthuscouldbeusedasabiomarkertoLastress.Overall,intheredloamysoilstudied,LahadnosignificantbeneficialeffectsonthegrowthofmaizeattheaddedLalevelsabove0.1gkg-1soil.

简介：SomelaboratorydiffusiontestswereconductedwithdiffusiondevicetodeterminethediffusioncoefficientofCr(Ⅵ)ionpassingthroughDalianredclaysamples.TheconcentrationsofCr(Ⅵ)atdifferentplacesofthesampleswerethenmeasuredspectrophotometricallyafterastandingtimeof1000d.Aone-dimensionalsolutetransportequationwasusedtosimulatethetransportofCr(Ⅵ)throughclaysamples.Back-calculationofdiffusioncoefficientofCr(Ⅵ)wasmadewithfinitedifferencemethod.Parametricanalysiswasconductedtosimulatevariationsinsoildrydensity,temperature,pHandstandingtime.Theresultsshowthatthemethodusedinthispaperissimpleandeffective.ThediffusioncoefficientofCr(Ⅵ)inDalianredclayvariesfrom1.50×10-7cm2/sto2.08×10-7cm2/s.After1000ddiffusion,theconcentrationofthesourcesolutiondropsdownto1.27mg/Lfrom62.5mg/L,andthediffusiondistanceisonly3.5cm.Undertheassumptionthatdiffusioncoefficientisconstant,thediffusioneffectbecomesmoreobviouswithlowerdensity,lowertemperature,higherpHvalue,andmuchmoretime.

简介：Thisstudyinvestigatestheeffectsofincreasingsoilpenetrationresistance(SPR)onseedlingmorphologyandseedlingarchitecture.WhenseedlingsofdeciduousCappadocianmaple(AcercappadocicumGled.)weregrowninagreenhouseinaloamysoilunderawiderangeofsoilcompactions,allmorphologicalvariablesstudiedchangedsignificantlywithincreasingSPR.TherelationshipsbetweenincreasingSPRandallmorphologicalresponsesexceptlateralrootlengthfollowedanegativequadraticcurve.Allbiomassvariablesexceptlateralrootbiomassshowedabell-shapedresponsewithrespecttoSPR,withamaximumbiomassvariablebetween0.6and1.2MPa,decreasingathighersoilcompactionvalues.Allallocationratiosweresignificantlyaffectedbysoilpenetrationresistance.Biomassallocationtorootswasalsoaffectedbysoilcompaction.Therewasnotasignificantrelationshipbetweenthespecificstemlengthandincreasingsoilpenetrationresistance.ThespecificrootlengthshowedtwotrendstoincreasingSPR;itfirstdecreasedinresponsetothemoderatecompactiontreatment(uptoabout1.2MPa),thenincreasedsignificantly.WeconcludedthatincreasingsoilcompactioncausedmorphologicalchangestorootandshootsectionsofA.cappadocicumseedlings.

简介：Inordertoinvestigatetherelationbetweenthewatercontentchangingofsurfacesoilandmicro-quakerecordedbeforeearthquakes,wecarriedoutasimulationexperimentinlaboratory.Itspurposeistoexplorewhethertheacousticwavegeneratedbymicro-fracturingbeforeearthquakeareabletochangewatercontentofsurfacesoil,soastounderstandtherelationbetweenthermalanomalyintheremotesensingimagegotfromtheseismogenicareaandthecomingearthquake.Theresultoftheexperimentshowsthatwhentheacousticwaveentersintothesurfacesoilthewatercontenthereincreasesonthebackgroundofdecreasingduetonaturalevaporation.Inthemeantime,temperatureheredecreases.