简介：Theimpactofearthquakesinurbancenterspronetodisastrousearthquakesnecessitatestheanalysisofassociatedriskforrationalformulationofcontingencyplansandmitigationstrategies.Inurbancenters,theseismicriskisbestquantifiedandportrayedthroughthepreparationof'EarthquakeDamageandLossScenarios.'Thecomponentsofsuchscenariosaretheassessmentofthehazard,inventoriesandthevulnerabilitiesofelementsatrisk.ForthedevelopmentoftheearthquakeriskscenarioinIstanbul,twoindependentapproaches,onebasedonintensitiesandthesecondonspectraldisplacements,areutilized.Thispaperwillpresenttheimportantfeaturesofacomprehensivestudy,highlightthemethodology,discusstheresultsandprovideinsightstofuturedevelopments.

简介：Intenseresearchandrefinementofthetoolsusedinperformance-basedseismicengineeringhavebeenmade,butthematurityandaccuracyofthesemethodshavenotbeenadequatelyconfirmedwithactualdatafromthefield.Thegapbetweentheassumedcharacteristicsofactualbuildingsystemsandtheiridealizedcounterpartsusedforanalysisiswide.Whentherandomlydistributedflawsinbuildingsastheyexistinurbanareasandtheextremevariabilityofgroundmotionpatternscombine,theconventionalproceduresusedforpushoverordynamicresponsehistoryanalysesseemtofallshortofreconcilingthedifferencesbetweencalculatedandobserveddamage.Foremergencyplanningandlossmodelingpurposes,suchdiscrepanciesarefactorsthatmustbeborneinmind.Tworelevantexamplesareprovidedherein.Theseexamplesdemonstratethatconsensus-basedanalyticalguidelinesalsorequirewell-idealizedbuildingmodelsthatdonotlendthemselvestoreasonablymanageablerepresentationsfromfielddata.Asacorollary,lossmodelingtechniques,e.g.,usedforinsurancepurposes,mustundergofurtherdevelopmentandimprovement.

简介：Thelastdecadeorsohasseenthedevelopmentofrefinedperformance-basedearthquakeengineering(PBEE)approachesthatnowprovideaframeworkforestimationofarangeofimportantdecisionvariables,suchasrepaircosts,repairtimeandnumberofcasualties.ThispaperreviewscurrenttoolsforPBEE,includingthePACTsoftware,andexaminesthepossibilityofextendingtheinnovativedisplacement-basedassessmentapproachasasimplifiedstructuralanalysisoptionforperformanceassessment.Detailsofthedisplacement-baseds+eismicassessmentmethodarereviewedandasimplemeansofquicklyassessingmultiplehazardlevelsisproposed.Furthermore,proposalsforasimpledefinitionofcollapsefragilityandrelationsbetweenequivalentsingle-degree-of-freedomcharacteristicsandmulti-degree-of-freedomstorydriftandflooraccelerationdemandsarediscussed,highlightingneedsforfutureresearch.Toillustratethepotentialofthemethodology,performancemeasuresobtainedfromthesimplifiedmethodarecomparedwiththosecomputedusingtheresultsofincrementaldynamicanalyseswithinthePEERperformance-basedearthquakeengineeringframework,appliedtoabenchmarkbuilding.Thecomparisonillustratesthatthesimplifiedmethodcouldbeaveryeffectiveconceptualseismicdesigntool.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthesimplifiedapproacharediscussedandpotentialimplicationsofadvancedseismicperformanceassessmentsforconceptualseismicdesignarehighlightedthroughexaminationofdifferentcasestudyscenariosincludingdifferentstructuralconfigurations.

简介：Bridgeseismicisolationstrategyisbasedonthereductionofshearforcestransmittedfromthesuperstructuretothepiersbytwomeans:shiftingnaturalperiodandearthquakeinputenergyreductionbydissipationconcentratedinprotectiondevices.Inthispaper,astochasticanalysisofasimpleisolatedbridgemodelfordifferentbridgeanddeviceparametersisconductedtoassesstheefficiencyofthisseismicprotectionstrategy.Toachievethisaim,asimplenonlinearsofteningconstitutivelawisadoptedtomodelawiderangeofisolationdevices,characterizedbyonlythreeessentialmechanicalparameters.Asaconsequenceoftherandomnatureofseismicmotion,aprobabilisticanalysisiscarriedoutandthetimemodulatedKanai-Tajimistochasticprocessisadoptedtorepresenttheseismicaction.TheresponsecovarianceinthestatespaceisobtainedbysolvingtheLyapunovequationforastochasticlinearizedsystem.Afterasensitivityanalysis,thefailureprobabilityreferredtoextremedisplacementandthemeanvalueofdissipatedenergyareassessedbyusingtheintroducedstochasticindicesofseismicbridgeprotectionefficiency.Aparametricanalysisforprotectivedeviceswithdifferentmechanicalparametersisdevelopedforaproperselectionofparametersofisolationdevicesunderdifferentsituations.

简介：一个新方法被建议由同时检测本地损坏并且从几结构的动态回答识别支持刺激在未知支持刺激下面估计结构的条件。对结构起作用的支持刺激被直角的多项式近似建模，并且关于它的物理参数和直角的系数的结构的动态反应的敏感被导出。鉴定方程基于泰勒是第一顺序近似，并且在一个反复的过程与抑制最少平方的方法被解决。一十五故事砍造模型和五故事的三维的钢框架结构被学习验证建议方法。有吵闹的测量加速的数字模拟证明建议方法罐头精确地检测本地损坏并且从仅仅结构的几回答识别未知支持刺激。这个方法为检测结构的损坏并且与未知输入和不完全的测量产量信息更新模型提供一条新途径。

简介：TheprimarygoalofthedemonstrationprojectendorsedbytheScientificandTechnicalCommitteeforIDNDRin1992istoensurethatnationalagenciesareabletoassessseismichazardinaregionallycoordinatedfashionbyusingadvancedmethods.China,asaRegionalCenterofCentralSouthernAsia,hascontactedwithcountriesoftheregiontorealisticallypracticeseismichazardassessmentsofContinentalAsia.AtestarealocatedinthecollisionboundarybetweentheIndianandEurasianplateswaschosentoexaminetheseismichazardassessmentapproachintheregionalcoordinates.TheseismotectonicsandthreeversionsofseismicsourcesofthetestareaaredescribedinthispaperandundertheGlobalSeismicHazardAssessmentProgram(GSHAP),guidelinesanearthquakecatalogueofthetestareawasassembled.Becauseoftheincompletenessofearthquakedataindifferentcountries,weadoptdifferenttimewindowsfordifferentmagnitudeintervalsinordertoobtaintheseismicityparametersofsources.Byu

简介：Aseismicstabilityassessmentofarchdam-foundationsystemsispresentedusingacomprehensiveapproach,inwhichthemainfactorsthatsignificantlyinfluencetheseismicresponseofanarchdam-foundationsystemareconsidered.Alargescalefiniteelementmodelwithover1milliondegreesoffreedomisconstructedfortheBaihetanarchdam(289mhigh),whichisunderconstructionintheSouthwestofChina.Inparticular,thecomplicatedgeologicalconditionswithfaultsintersectinginterlayershearweaknesszonesatthedambaseandthedamabutmentresistingforcebodyismodeledintheanalysis.Threeperformanceindicesareadoptedtoassesstheseismicstabilityofthearchdam.TheresultsdemonstratethattheopeningofthejointsoftheBaihetanarchdamissmallandthewaterstopinstalledbetweenthejointswouldnotbetornduringadesignearthquake.Theyieldingformedintheinterfacebetweenthedamandfoundationdoesnotreachthegroutingcurtainthatwouldremaininanelasticstateafteranearthquake.Theyieldingzonesoccurringontheupperportionofthedamfacesextend1/8thicknessofblocksectionintothedambodyandthuscantileverblocksneednotbeconcernedwithslidingstability.Thefaultsandinterlayershearweaknesszonesinthenearfieldfoundationexhibitsevereyielding,andapotentialslidingsurfaceispenetrated.Althoughthefactorofsafetyagainstslidingofthesurfacefluctuateswithadecreasedtrendduringanearthquake,theminimuminstantaneousvaluereaches1.02andisstilllargerthan1.0.Therefore,aconclusionisdrawnthattheBaihetanarchdam-foundationsystemwillremainstableunderthedesignearthquake.

简介：Accordingtothepracticeofurbanactivefaultexplorationandassociatedfaultactivityassessmentconductedinrecentyears,thispapersummarizestheproblemsencounteredingeological,geomorphological,geochemicalandgeophysicalsurveys,andproposesthefollowingmeansandsuggestionstosolvetheseproblems.Todeterminethemostrecentfaultsorfaultzones,emphasisshouldbeplacedonidentifyingtheyoungestactivefaultsandoffsetgeomorphology.Tounderstandthehistoryoffaultingandtodiscoverthelatestoffsetevent,itissuggestedthatgeophysicalprospecting,drillingandtrenchingbeconductedononeprofile.BecauseofsignificantuncertaintiesinlateQuaternarydating,weadvisesystematicsamplingandtheuseofmultipledatingmethods.Shallowseismicreflectionhasbeenproventobethemostusefulmethodinurbanactivefaultexploration.However,thereisapressingneedtoincreasethequalityofdataacquisitionandprocessingtoobtainhighresolutionimagessoastoenhanceourabilitytoidentifyactivefaults.ThecombinationofseismicP-wavereflectionandS-wavereflectionmethodsisprovedtobeapowerfulmeanstoinvestigatethetectonicenvironmentsofthedeepcrust.

简介：Onebranchofstructuralhealthmonitoring(SHM)utilizesdynamicresponsemeasurementstoassessthestructuralintegrityofcivilinfrastructures.Inparticular,modalfrequencyisawidelyadoptedindicatorforstructuraldamagesinceitssquareisproportionaltostructuralstiffness.However,ithasbeendemonstratedinvariousSHMprojectsthatthisindicatorissubstantiallyaffectedbyfluctuatingenvironmentalconditions.Inordertoprovidereliableandconsistentinformationonthehealthstatusofthemonitoredstructures,itisnecessarytodevelopamethodtofilterthisinterference.Thisstudyattemptstomodelandquantifytheenvironmentalinfluenceonthemodalfrequenciesofreinforcedconcretebuildings.Dailystructuralresponsemeasurementsofatwenty-twostoryreinforcedconcretebuildingwerecollectedandanalyzedoveraone-yearperiod.TheBayesianspectraldensityapproachwasutilizedtoidentifythemodalfrequenciesofthisbuildinganditwasclearlyseenthatthetemperatureandhumidityfluctuationinducednotablevariations.Amathematicalmodelwasdevelopedtoquantifytheenvironmentaleffectsandmodelcomplexitywastakenintoconsideration.BasedonaTimoshenkobeammodel,thefullmodelclasswasconstructedandotherreduced-ordermodelclasscandidateswereobtained.Then,theBayesianmodalclassselectionapproachwasemployedtoselecttheonewiththemostsuitablecomplexity.Theproposedmodelsuccessfullycharacterizestheenvironmentalinfluenceonthemodalfrequencies.Furthermore,theestimateduncertaintyofthemodelparametersallowsforassessmentofthereliabilityoftheprediction.Thisstudynotonlyimprovestheunderstandingaboutthemonitoredstructure,butalsoestablishesasystematicapproachforreliablehealthassessmentofreinforcedconcretebuildings.

简介：一种普通情形在象地震那样的灾难期间是地点上的损坏地侦察的活动是不协调得好的。例如在意大利，对在地震以后的结构的损坏评价从意大利的紧急情况权威被管理，用被产生在填写并且转到灾难管理起作用的中心的表格的很多混乱的地点上的专家填写的打印表格(豹脚蚊)。因为这，论文探索使用活动通讯技术(聪明的电话)和网开发将在主要灾难以后帮助社区的反应系统的生存能力，提供为允许上载并且散布信息的居民和应答者的隧道，与协调损坏域侦察的结构的损坏有关。能被居民在聪明的电话上运用的一个活动应用程序被开发了，到当时，给起始的损坏区域的评估，它将很有用资源(例如专家的数字被限制)。活动应用程序在2012Emilia地震期间第一次被测试了提高紧急情况反应，显示出在把建议过程与标准过程作比较的统计术语的建议方法的效率。

简介：ManyhistoricbuildingsinoldurbancentersinEasternCanadaaremadeofstonemasonryreputedtobehighlyvulnerabletoseismicloads.Seismicriskassessmentofstonemasonrybuildingsisthereforethefirststepintheriskmitigationprocesstoprovideadequateplanningforretrofitandpreservationofhistoricalurbancenters.Thispaperfocusesondevelopmentofanalyticaldisplacement-basedfragilitycurvesreflectingthecharacteristicsofexistingstonemasonrybuildingsinEasternCanada.TheoldhistoriccenterofQuebecCityhasbeenselectedasatypicalstudyarea.Thestandardfragilityanalysiscombinestheinelasticspectraldisplacement,astructure-dependentearthquakeintensitymeasure,andthebuildingdamagestatecorrelatedtotheinducedbuildingdisplacement.Theproposedprocedureconsistsofathree-stepdevelopmentprocess:(1)mechanics-basedcapacitymodel,(2)displacement-baseddamagemodeland(3)seismicdemandmodel.Thedamageestimationforauniformhazardscenarioof2%in50yearsprobabilityofexceedanceindicatesthatslighttomoderatedamageisthemostprobabledamageexperiencedbythesestonemasonrybuildings.ComparisonisalsomadewithfragilitycurvesimplicitintheseismicriskassessmenttoolsHazusandELER.Hazusshowsthehighestprobabilityoftheoccurrenceofnotoslightdamage,whereasthehighestprobabilityofextensiveandcompletedamageispredictedwithELER.Thiscomparisonshowstheimportanceofthedevelopmentoffragilitycurvesspecifictothegenericconstructioncharacteristicsinthestudyareaandemphasizestheneedforcriticaluseofregionalriskassessmenttoolsandgeneratedresults.

简介：历史的地震活动在北方中国区域是强烈的。然而，自从Ms6.2地震，没有中号的地震在Zhangbei区域在这个区域发生在最后十年在1998。中等、强烈的地震的静止在诺思中国是相当突出的。在这篇论文，我们在1970~使用小地震记录2009学习背景在北方中国区域的地震活动。地震参数的空间分布被介绍，包括b值，最大的大小和M/6的地震的年度出现概率。0。我们有低b值的结果表演区域在太行山块在山西裂缝，位于Tancheng-Lujiang差错地区的Suqian区域和Shijiazhuang区域包括Yuncheng区域。我们seismicity的合成空间模式上的分析显示在北方中国区域的seismicity被深结构的地区性的动态因素主要影响。

简介：Lossassessmentanddecision-makingareessentialforearthquakeemergencyrescues,andforscientificpredictionofseismicdamageanddeterminationofrescueobjectives.Inpractice,however,thereexistsomeproblems,suchasbasicdatanotbeingpreciseandrichenoughanddecisionmakingnothavingsystematicandcompletecriteria.Thispapertriestosolvetheseproblemsusingthemethodofdataindexationbyconstructinganindexsystemforearthquakeemergencylossassessmentanddecision-making.

简介：Recentstudiesonassessmentofaverylowannualprobabilityofexceeding(APE)groundmotions,10-4orless,havehighlightedtheimportanceoftheupperboundofgroundmotionswhenverylowprobabilityresultsareacquired.Thetruncationleveladoptedinprobabilisticseismichazardanalysis(PSHA)shouldbedeterminedbyanaleatoryuncertaintymodel(i.e.,distributionmodel)ofgroundmotionsandthepossiblemaximumandminimumgroundmotionvaluesofaspecificearthquake.However,atthepresenttime,itisimpossibletoestablishtheupperboundmodelforgroundmotionsbasedonthesourcecharacteristicsand/orgroundmotionpropagation.McGuiresuggestedatruncationlevelbefixedatanumberof=6,orthedistributionofresidualsbetruncatedinsuchamannerthatsiteintensitycannotbegreaterthantheepicenterintensity.ThisstudyaimstofindareasonableandfeasibletruncationleveltobeusedinPSHAwhenthephysicalmechanismisnotavailabletofindtheextremegroundmotion.AmathematicalanalysisoftheinfluenceofthetruncationlevelonPSHA,casestudiesofsitesindifferentseismotectonicsettings,andadistributionanalysisofgroundmotionresidualsareconductedinthisstudy.Itisconcludedthat=4istheminimumacceptablevalueforengineeringapplicationsforAPEswithin0.002to10-4,andforlowAPEs,suchas10-5and10-6,thevalueofshouldbenolessthan5inmostregionsofChina.

简介：AnindexingmethodforrapidevaluationoftheseismicvulnerabilityofinfilledRCframebuildingsinJordanisproposed.Themethodaimsatidentifyinglowandmediumriseresidentialbuildingsassafeorinneedoffurtherdetailedevaluation.Followingarapidvisualscreening,thebuildingisassignedaBasicCapacityIndex(BCI);fiveperformancemodifiersareidentifiedandmultipliedbytheBCItoarriveattheCapacityIndex(CI)ofthebuilding.ACapacityIndexlowerthanalimitCIvalueindicatesthatthescreenedbuildingcouldexperiencemoderateearthquakedamagewhereasahighervalueimpliesthatminordamage,ifany,wouldtakeplace.Toestablishthebasicevaluationparameters;fortyRCframebuildingswereselected,designedandanalyzedusingstaticnonlinearanalysisandincorporatingtheeffectofinfillwalls.Effectsofseismicity,localsiteconditions,horizontalirregularities(setbacksandre-entrantcorners),verticalirregularities(softstoryatgroundfloorlevel)andoverhangsontheseismicperformanceoflocalbuildingswereexamined.Assessmentformsweredesignedandusedtoevaluateandrank112samplebuildings.About40%ofthesurveyedbuildingswerefoundtobeinneedofdetailedevaluationtobetterdefinetheirseismicvulnerabilities.

简介：Asanefficienttoolinhandlinguncertainissues,Dempster-Shaferevidencetheoryhasbeenincreasinglyusedinstructuralhealthmonitoringanddamagedetection.Inapplications,however,Dempster-Shaferevidencetheorysometimesleadstocounter-intuitiveresults.Inthisstudy,anewfusionalgorithmofevidencetheoryisputforwardtoaddressvariouscounter-intuitiveproblemsandmanagethereliabilitydifferenceoftheevidence.Theproposedalgorithmcomprisesthefollowingaspects:(1)Dempster’scombinationruleisgeneralizedbyintroducingtheconceptofevidenceullage.ThenewruleallowsclassicalDempster’sruleandcanresolvecounter-intuitiveproblemscausebyevidenceconflictandevidencecompatibility;(2)areliabilityassessingmethodbasedonaprioriandposteriorknowledgeisproposed.Comparedwithconventionalreliabilityassessment,theproposedmethodcanreflecttheactualevidencereliabilitiesandcanefficientlyreducedecisionrisk.Numericalexamplesconfirmthevalidityandutilityoftheproposedalgorithm.Inaddition,anexperimentalinvestigationonaspatialtrussstructureiscarriedouttoillustratetheidentifiedabilityoftheproposedapproach.Theresultsindicatethatthefusionalgorithmhasnostrictrequestontheaccuracyandconsistencyofevidencesourcesandcanefficientlyenhancediagnosticaccuracy.

简介：在这研究，有在从不同方向的地震刺激下面的连续甲板的扭曲的桥的可能的地震行为被调查。45？？

简介：Thepost-earthquakerapidaccurateassessmentofmacroinfluenceofseismicgroundmotionisofsignificanceforearthquakeemergencyrelief,post-earthquakereconstructionandscientificresearch.TheseismicintensitydistributionmapreleasedbytheLushanearthquakefieldteamoftheChinaEarthquakeAdministration(CEA)fivedaysafterthestrongearthquake(M7.0)occurredinLushanCountyofSichuanYa’anCityat8:02onApril20,2013providesascientificbasisforemergencyrelief,economiclossassessmentandpost-earthquakereconstruction.Inthispaper,themeansforblindestimationofmacroscopicintensity,fieldestimationofmacrointensity,andreviewofintensity,aswellascorrespondingproblemsarediscussedindetail,andtheintensitydistributioncharacteristicsoftheLushan'4.20'M7.0earthquakeanditsinfluentialfactorsareanalyzed,providingareferenceforfutureseismicintensityassessments.

简介：扩大堆积柄在一个稠密的沙的地点上成立了的一条大直径的地震行为在这份报纸被调查。首先，确定的分析包括非线性的动态分析(NDA)和闲差事分析被进行获得卓见进堆积的行为并且保证一种适当建模技术被利用。然后，概率的分析用各种各样的要求的NDA的结果被执行。到这个目的，一套40个像脉搏的地面运动被拣并且随后40非线性动态并且闲差事分析被执行。从NDA获得的数据被用来产生概率的地震需求模型(PSDM)阴谋并且因而，为每个阴谋的中部的行和分散被计算。NDA和闲差事数据也对对方被阴谋发现到到什么程度，他们被相关。这些操作为各种各样的工程需求参数(电子数据处理)被做。敏感分析被做拣将从7不同IM在PSDM阴谋引起最小的分散的最适当的紧张措施(IM)。山峰地面加速(针网阵列)被发现是最适当的IM。能被用于闲差事分析数据关于NDA产出更好的结果的针网阵列的一个函数被建议的闲差事系数方程。在结束，和平的地震工程研究(同伴)中心方法论被利用用从PSDM阴谋并且就损坏从未成年者到的各种各样的状态而言获得的性质产生脆弱曲线严重。扩大堆积柄与严重损坏相比关于次要的损坏与更高的可能性显示出更多的危险。

简介：Becauseseismicactivitywithinmid-continentsisusuallymuchlowerthanthatalongplateboundaryzones,evensmallearthquakescancausewidespreadconcerns,especiallywhentheseeventsoccurinthesourceregionsofpreviouslargeearthquakes.However,thesesmallearthquakesmaybejustaftershocksthatcontinuefordecadesorevenlonger.TherecentseismicityintheTangshanregioninNorthChinaislikelyaftershocksofthe1976GreatTangshanearthquake.ThecurrentearthquakesequenceintheNewMadridseismiczoneincentralUnitedStates,whichincludesaclusterofM*7.0eventsin1811–1812andanumberofsimilareventsinthepastmillennium,isbelievedtoresultfromrecentfaultreactivationthatreleasespre-storedstrainenergyinthecrust.Ifso,thisearthquakesequenceissimilartoaftershocksinthattheratesofenergyreleaseshoulddecaywithtimeandthesequenceofearthquakeswilleventuallyend.WeusesimplephysicalanalysisandnumericalsimulationstoshowthatthecurrentsequenceoflargeearthquakesintheNewMadridfaultzoneislikelyendingorhasended.Recognizingthatmid-continentalearthquakeshavelongaftershocksequencesandcomplexspatiotemporaloccurrencesarecriticaltoimprovehazardassessments.