简介：TheobjectiveofthisstudyistoexploreapotentiallyeffectivetrainingmethodforthehospitalprofessionalstoeducatedrugusersandtoenhancetheirknowledgeofHIVinfection.Onehundredandsixtyonesubjects,whocamefrom13differentprovincesandwereadmittedinadrugreliefhospitalinBeijing,wererecruitedforthisstudy.Theaverageageofthesesubjectswas35.21±6.24yearold.Theaveragenumbersofyearsfordrugaddictionwere7years,andtheaveragenumbersofdrugrelieftreatmentreceivedinthepastwas5.5times.ThelevelofAIDSknowledgeofthesesubjects,includingpathogenicfactors,sourceofinfection,routeoftransmissionandpreventivemeasures,wereevaluatedbeforeandafterreceivingtheAIDSeducationaltrainingtothesedrugusers.Ourresultsshowedthattherewasastatisticallysignificantincrease(P＜0.01)intheknowledgeofHIVinfectionandpreventionamongthesesubjects.PositiveattitudeandbehavioraltendenciestowardHIVpreventionwerealsoimproved.Therefore,itisimperativeforthemedicalprofessionalstoincorporateAIDSeducationintodrugrelieftreatmenttoachievethemaximumeffectontheknowledgeofAIDSandimprovementofpositiveattitudesandbehaviorstowardHIVpreventionamongdrugusers.

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简介：Wepresentamathematicalmethodforaccelerationworkspaceanalysisofcooperatingmulti-fingerrobotsystemsusingamodelofpoint-contactwithfriction.Anewunifiedformulationfromdynamicequationsofcooperatingmulti-fingerrobotsisderivedconsideringtheforceandaccelerationrelationshipsbetweenthefingersandtheobjecttobehandled.Fromthedynamicequation,maximumtranslationalandrotationalaccelerationboundsofanobjectarecalculatedundergivenconstraintsofcontactconditions,configurationsoffingers,andboundsonthetorquesofjointactuatorsforeachfinger.Here,therotationalaccelerationboundscanbeappliedasanimportantmanipulabilityindexwhenthemulti-fingerrobotgraspsanobject.Toverifytheproposedmethod,weusedasetofcasestudieswithasimplemulti-fingermechanismsystem.Theachievableaccelerationboundaryintaskspacecanbeobtainedsuccessfullywiththeproposedmethodandtheaccelerationboundarydependsontheconfigurationsoffingers.

简介：Systemictoxicityandinsufficientdrugaccumulationatthetumours让earemainbarriersinchemotherapy.Thermosens让iveliposomes(TSL)combinedwithhighintensityfocusedultrasound(HIFU)hasemergedasapotentialsolutiontoovercomethesebarriersthroughtargeteddrugdeliveryandlocalisedrelease.Owingtothemultiplephysicalandbiochemicalprocessesinvolvedinthiscombinationtherapy,mathematicalmodellingbecomesanindispensabletoolfordetailedanalysisofthetransportprocessesandpredictionoftumourdruguptake.Tothisend,amultiphysicsmodelhasbeendevelopedtosimulatethetransportofchemotherapydrugsdeliveredthroughacombinedHIFU-TSLsystem.Allkeydeliveryprocessesareconsideredinthemodel;theseineludeinterstitialfluidflow,HIFUacoustics,bioheattransfer;drugreleaseandtransport,aswellastumourdruguptake.Thecapabilityofthemodelisdemonstratedthroughitsapplicationtoa2-Dprostatetumourmodelreconstructedfrommagneticresonanceimages.Ourresultsnotonlydemonstratethefeasibilityofthemodeltosimulatethiscombinationtherapy,butalsoconfirmtheadvantageofHIFU-TSLdrugdeliverysystemwithenhancementofdrugaccumulationintumourregionsandreductionofdrugavailabilityinnormaltissue.ThismultiphysicsmodellingframeworkcanserveasausefultooltoassistinthedesignofHIFU-TSLdrugdeliverysystemsandtreatmentregimenforimprovedanticancerefficacy.

简介：Inspiredbythecoarse-to-finevisualperceptionprocessofhumanvisionsystem,anewapproachbasedonGaussianmulti-scalespacefordefectdetectionofindustrialproductswasproposed.ByselectingdifferentscaleparametersoftheGaussiankernel,themulti-scalerepresentationoftheoriginalimagedatacouldbeobtainedandusedtoconstitutethemulti-variateimage,inwhicheachchannelcouldrepresentaperceptualobservationoftheoriginalimagefromdifferentscales.TheMultivariateImageAnalysis(MIA)techniqueswereusedtoextractdefectfeaturesinformation.TheMIAcombinedPrincipalComponentAnalysis(PCA)toobtaintheprincipalcomponentscoresofthemultivariatetestimage.TheQ-statisticimage,derivedfromtheresidualsaftertheextractionofthefirstprincipalcomponentscoreandnoise,couldbeusedtoefficientlyrevealthesurfacedefectswithanappropriatethresholdvaluedecidedbytrainingimages.Experimentalresultsshowthattheproposedmethodperformsbetterthanthegrayhistogram-basedmethod.Ithaslesssensitivitytotheinhomogeneousofillumination,andhasmorerobustnessandreliabilityofdefectdetectionwithlowerpseudorejectrate.

简介：Thepaperpresentsamulti-scalemodellingapproachforsimulatingmacromoleculesinfluidflows.Macromoleculetransportatlownumberdensitiesisfrequentlyencounteredinbiomedicaldevices,suchasseparators,detectionandanalysissystems.Accuratemodellingofthisprocessischallengingduetothewiderangeofphysicalscalesinvolved.Thecontinuumapproachisnotvalidforlowsoluteconcentrations,butthelargetimescalesofthefluidflowmakepurelymolecularsimulationsprohibitivelyexpensive.Apromisingmulti-scalemodellingstrategyisprovidedbythemeta-modellingapproachconsideredinthispaper.Meta-modelsarebasedonthecoupledsolutionoffluidflowequationsandequationsofmotionforasimplifiedmechanicalmodelofmacromolecules.Theapproachenablessimulationofindividualmacromoleculesatmacroscopictimescales.Meta-modelsoftenrelyonparticle-correctoralgorithms,whichimposelengthconstraintsonthemechanicalmodel.Lackofrobustnessoftheparticle-correctoralgorithmemployedcanleadtoslowconvergenceandnumericalinstability.AnewFAstLinearCOrrector(FALCO)algorithmisintroducedinthispaper,whichsignificantlyimprovescomputationalefficiencyincomparisonwiththewidelyusedSHAKEalgorithm.ValidationofthenewparticlecorrectoragainstasimpleanalyticsolutionisperformedandimprovedconvergenceisdemonstratedforssDNAmotioninalid-drivenmicro-cavity.

简介：AhybridGA(geneticalgorithm)-basedclustering(HGACLUS)schema,combiningmeritsoftheSimulatedAnnealing,wasdescribedforfindinganoptimalornear-optimalsetofmedoids.Thisschemamaximizedtheclusteringsuccessbyachievinginternalclustercohesionandexternalclusterisolation.TheperformanceofHGACLUSandothermethodswascomparedbyusingsimulateddataandopenmicroarraygene-expressiondatasets.HGACLUSwasgenerallyfoundtobemoreaccurateandrobustthanothermethodsdiscussedinthispaperbytheexactvalidationstrategyandtheexplicitclusternumber.

简介：Multidrug抵抗(MDR)是在癌症化疗的一个主要问题。MDR的最好已知的机制之一是ATP有约束力的盒子(ABC)的提高的表示运输ers。当人的ABC运输ers的一些成员被显示了与提高的表示引起抗药性时，另外的成员的在表示上是否能也在许多模型癌症房间线和诊所贡献抗药性，还没被知道。为介绍ABCtransporters的分析的表示的微数组和量的PCR数组的最近的开发帮助了处理这些问题。在这篇文章，有在在抗药性和chemo敏感预言识别ABCtransporter基因的ABCtransporter基因和他们的使用的有限或完整的表的各种各样的数组将被考察。

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简介：Theobjectiveofthisstudyistoinvestigatethebiomechanicalfunctionsofthehumanankle-tootcomplexduringthestancephaseofwalking.Thethree-dimensional(3D)gaitmeasurementwasconductedbyusinga3Dinfraredmulti-camerasystemandaforceplatearraytorecordtheGroundReactionForces(GRF)andsegmentalmotionssimultaneously.Theankle-footcomplexwasmodelledasafour-segmentsystem,connectedbythreejoints:talocruraljoint,sub-talarjointandmetatarsophalangealjoint.Thesubject-specificjointorientationsandlocationsweredeterminedusingafunctionaljointmethodbasedontheparticleswarmoptimisationalgorithm.TheGRFmomentarmsandjointmomentsactingaroundthetalocruralandsub-talarjointswerecalculatedovertheentirestancephase.Theestimatedtalocruralandsub-talarjointlocationsshownoticeableobliquity.Thekinematicandkineticresultsstronglysuggestthatthehumanankle-footcomplexworksasamechanicalmechanismwithtwodifferentconfigurationsinstancephaseofwalking.TheseleadtoasignificantdecreaseintheGRFmomentarmstherebyincreasingtheeffectivemechanicaladvantagesoftheankleplantarflexormuscles.Thisreconfigurablemechanismenhancesmuscleeffectivenessduringlocomotionbymodulatingthegearratiooftheankleplantarflexormusclesinstance.Thisstudyalsorevealsmanyfactorsmaycontributetothelocomotorfunctionofthehumanankle-footcomplex,whichincludenotonlyitsre-configurablestructure,butalsoitsobliquelyarrangedjoints,thecharacteristicheel-to-toeCentreofPressure(COP)motionandalsothemediallyactingGRFpattern.Althoughthehumanankle-footstructureisimmenselycomplex,itseemsthatitsconfigurationandeachconstitutivecomponentarewelltunedtomaximiselocomotorefficiencyandalsotominimiseriskofinjury.Thisresultwouldadvanceourunderstandingofthelocomotorfunctionoftheankle-footcomplex,andalsotheintrinsicdesignoftheankle-footmusculoskeletalstructure.Moreover,this

简介：Climbingrobotsareofpotentialuseforsurveillance,inspectionandexplorationindifferentenvironments.Inparticular,theuseofclimbingrobotsforspaceexplorationcanallowscientiststoexploreenvironmentstoochallengingfortraditionalwheeleddesigns.Toadheretosurfaces,biomimeticdryadhesivesbasedongeckofeethavebeenproposed.Thesebiomimeticdryadhesivesworkbyusingmulti-scalecompliantmechanismstomakeintimatecontactwithdifferentsurfacesandadherebyusingVanderWaalsforces.Fabricationoftheseadhesiveshasfrequentlybeenchallenginghowever,duetothedifficultyincombiningmacro,microandnanoscalecompliance.Wepresentanallpolymerfootdesignforusewithahexapodclimbingrobotandafabricationmethodtoimprovereliabilityandyield.Ahighstrength,low-modulussilicone,TC-5005,isusedtoformthefootbaseandmicroscalefibresinonepiecebyusingatwopartmold.Amacroscalefootdesignisproducedusinga3Dprintertoproduceabasemold,whilelithographicdefinitionofmicroscalefibresinathickphotoresistformsthe‘hairs’ofthepolymerfoot.Theadhesionofthesiliconefibresbythemselvesorattachedtothemacrofootisexaminedtodeterminebeststrategiesforplacementandremovaloffeettomaximizeadhesion.Resultsdemonstratethesuccessfulintegrationofmicroandmacrocompliantfeetforuseinclimbingonavarietyofsurfaces.

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简介：MultipleUninhabitedAerialVehicles(multi-UAVs)coordinatedtrajectoryreplanningisoneofthemostcomplicatedglobaloptimumproblemsinmulti-UAVscoordinatedcontrol.Basedontheconstructionofthebasicmodelofmulti-UAVscoordinatedtrajectoryreplanning,whichincludesproblemdescription,threatmodeling,constraintconditions,coordinatedfunctionandcoordinationmechanism,anovelMax-MinadaptiveAntColonyOptimization(ACO)approachispresentedindetail.Inviewofthecharacteristicsofmulti-UAVscoordinatedtrajectoryreplanningindynamicanduncertainenvironments,theminimumandmaximumpheromonetrailsinACOaresettoenhancethesearchingcapability,andthepointpheromoneisadoptedtoachievethecollisionavoidancebetweenUAVsatthetrajectoryplannerlayer.Consideringthesimultaneousarrivalandtheair-spacecollisionavoidance,anEstimatedTimeofArrival(ETA)isdecidedfirst.ThenthetrajectoryandflightvelocityofeachUAVaredetermined.Simulationexperimentsareperformedunderthecomplicatedcombatingenvironmentcontainingsomestaticthreatsandpopupthreats.Theresultsdemonstratethefeasibilityandtheeffectivenessoftheproposedapproach.