简介：arbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)的生物多样性殖民和AM真菌的孢子在根和相思树阿仙药(L.f)的根围土壤被学习。野，一。mangiumWilld，AnthocephalacadambaMiq，ArtocarpuschaplashaRoxb，ChickrassiatabularisA。法，Swieteniamacrophylla国王，TectonagrandisL。从种植园；Albiziaprocera(Roxb)Benth，一。falcatariaL.，Alstoniascholaris(L.)R。Br，Aphanamixispolystachya(墙)帕克，Hydnocarpuskurzii(国王)Warb，HeyneatrijugaRoxb，Lagerstroemiaspeciosa(L.)Pers.，Messuaferrea悬崖，罗汉松属nerifolia唐，Swintonia花束玫瑰Griff，Syzygiumfruticosum(Roxb)DC，S。grandis(Wt)Wal。从森林和A的托儿所幼苗。polystachya，一。chaplasha，GmelinaarboreaRoxb。并且S。来自Hazarikhil森林的cuminii(L.)Skeels，孟加拉国的Chittagong。根在苯胺蓝色被染色，根围土壤被湿sieving和移注的方法估计。AM殖民的范围在种植园样品从10%73%显著地变化了。最大的殖民在A被观察。mangium(73%)和最小的殖民在C被观察。tabularis(10%)。小囊的殖民是在五种植园树种的记录15%67%。最高在A。cadamba(67%)并且最低在T。grandis；A。chaplasha和C。tabularis没显示出小囊的殖民。Arbuscular殖民是在四种植园树种的记录12%60%。最高在A。mangium(60%)并且最低在A。cadamba。Artocarpuschaplasha的根，C。tabularis和T。grandis没显示出arbuscular殖民。在12森林树种类之中，九树种显示出AM殖民。最高在A。falcataria(62%)并且最低在S。fruticosum(10%)。在小囊的殖民的重要变化在七森林树种被记录。最高在H。trijuga(52%)并且最低在L。speciosa(18%)。Hydnocarpuskurzii，M。ferrea，P。nerifoliaS。fruticosum和S。grandis没显示出小囊的殖民。Arbuscular殖民在七森林树种被记录。最高在A。falcataria(60%)并且最低在A。procera(10%)。所有托儿所幼苗证明AM殖民和�

简介：Microbialcommunityfunctionaldiversityisasensitiveindicatorofsoil.Forestfirescanchangemicrobialcommunityfunctionaldiversity.Inthisresearch,thefiredsoilsampleswerecollectedfromHuzhongofDaxing’anlinginHeilongjiangProvince.ThefunctionaldiversityofsoilmicrobialcommunitywasdetectedbyBIOLOGsystem.Theaveragewellcolordevelopment(AWCD)inBIOLOGplatesindicatedtheabilityofcarbonsubstrateutilizationofmicrobialcommunity.TheindicesofShannon,SimpsonandMcintoshwerecalculatedtoshowtherichness,dominanceandevennessofthefunctionaldiversity,andtheprincipalcomponentanalysisofsubstratereactionsreflectedthemaincarbonsourcesutilizedbymicrobialcommunity.TheresultsshowedthatallthesamplesexhibitedthereductionofAWCDduringthefirst144hoursofincubation,buttherewereobviousdifferencesinthereductiondegreeamongthesamples.Allkindsoffireintensitiescouldinfluencemicrobialcommunityfunctionaldiversity.Thelowfireintensityincreasedtherichness(Shannon),dominance(Simpson)andevenness(Mcintosh)ofmicrobialcommunity.However,theintermediateandhighfireintensityreducedtheseparameters,suggestingthattheburnedsoilemittedgaseousnitrogen,anumberoforganiccarbonandavailablephosphorus,whichcausedthereductionofthemicroorganisminquantityandtype,andchangeinsoilingredients.Theorganicmaterialreducedintheburnedsoil,inthesametime,thepHvaluesrose,whichchangedenvironmentinwhichmicroorganismlives.Thechangedenvironmentmightnotbeconducivetoactivitiesofthemicroorganism.Theprincipalcomponentanalysisshowedthatthemaincarbonsourcesforsoilmicrobeswerecarbohydratesandaminoacidsandthecarbonsubstrateutilizationpatternsindifferentsamplesweresignificantdifferent.Theresultsindicatedthatfunctionaldiversityofsoilmicrobeswerealteredbyforestfires,andtheabilityofmicrobestoutilizecarbonsourceandthetypeofcarbonsourceswereaffectedbydif

简介：Accordingtothestructure-basedforestmanagementtheory,theappraisalindicessystemofnaturalforestmanagementefficiencywasestablishedfromspatialutilization,speciesdiversity,constructivespeciescompetitionandtreecomposition,whichcouldbeusedtodepictstandstatus,anditsmetewandwasgiven.RelativeweightwasendowedbyTheAnalyticHierarchyProcess(AHP),andthentheconceptionofnaturalforestmanagementefficiencycomprehensiveappraisalindexwasputforwardforthefirsttimeandappliedtofourdifferentsamplingplotsofnaturalforest,threeofthemfromDongdapoforestregion,Jiaohe,Jilinprovince,andonefromBaihuaforestarea,Xiaolongshan,Gansuprovince,China.Theresultsareasfollowing:thestandstatuswasobviouslyimprovedafterbeingmanagedandplotA,Bgotamarkof"medium"whileCandDwere"perfect".Fromhightolow,thearrangementofforestmanagementefficiencycomprehensiveappraisalindexwasC>D>A>B.Thisappraisalresultabidedbythephenomenondetectedinthepracticalfield.Theforestmanagementefficiencycomprehensiveappraisalindexbroughtupinthispapercouldbetakenasawayofcomprehensivequantitativechangeofstandstatewhichdirectlyreflectstheeffortofforestmanagementandaffordsscientificbasisofnaturalforestmanagementeffort.

简介：Inthe20yearsaftertheUNEnvironmentandDevelopmentConferencein1992,theessentialissuesinrelationtosustainabledevelopmenthavebeenunsolved.Theupcoming"Rio+20"conferenceputthefocusontheshifttowardsgreendevelopment.Toachievethisrequiresthechangeofsomeideologiesthatdominatehumanactions,suchastheconceptsofwealth,welfareandsecurity,anditalsorequireidentifyingthenewpositionofnatureresources,especiallythepositionofforest.Itwaspointedoutinthepaperthatforestisthefoundationofsocioeconomicdevelopmentandconstitutesbasicwealth,basicwelfareandbasicsecurityofthewholecommunityunderthegreendevelopmentcontext.Nevertheless,itisamusttoaggressivelyinvestanddevelopgreeneconomy.Itwasalsoproposedtosetupforestrydevelopmentorganizations,investmentmechanisms,policysystemandresearch&educationsystemcompatiblewithgreendevelopment.Moreover,someforestrypoliciesthatshouldberevisedwerecombed.

简介：Thehistoricdevelopmentofforestcertificationwasfirstlyreviewedinordertounderstandhowforestcertificationhasdevelopedthroughouttheworld.Thecharacteristicsofforestcertificationwereanalyzedindetails,includingtheessenceofforestcertification,approachofforestcertification,structureofforestcertificationanddevelopmentprocessesofforestcertificationstandards.Then,theforestcertificationdevelopmentinChinawasreviewed,includingbackground,basicprinciplesandobjectivesandmaintasks.Basedonthereviewsonforestcertification,recommendationsweregivensoastogreatlyboostthedevelopmentofforestcertificationinChina.

简介：Bydrawingonstudiesofdomesticandinternationalforestlandscapeassessmentandvisualevaluationofurbansoundscape,wesummarizedthemainfactorsaffectingtheforestsoundscape.Onthisbasis,weestablishedanevaluationsystemforlevel2class3forestsoundscape.Elevenindicatorsoftheforestsoundlandscapeaestheticevaluationsystemandtheweightoftheproductwerescored,andthentheaccumulatedscoredvaluesweredefinedasthesoundlandscapeaestheticindex.Theacousticlandscapeindexwasusedtomeasurethesizeoftheforestlandscapebeautifuldegree.

简介：Thepaperanalyzedthebottlenecksofinternationalforestfinancingdevelopmentfromtheperspectiveofthedevelopmentstateofforestfinancingmechanism.Italsoanalyzedthedevelopmentpossibilitiesofemergingfinancingchannelswhileintroducingofficialdevelopmentassistanceandnon-financialdevelopmentassistanceintheframeworkofinternationalforestfinancingmechanism,andpooledthevariousexistingforest-involvedfundstoproposeafeasiblearchitecturedirectionforpossiblefuturedevelopment.

简介：Afterreviewingalargequantityofliteraturesathomeandabroad,thenaturalregenerationbarriermechanismsofforestweredescribed,includinglackofseed,animaleatingandtrespass,plantsallelopathy,microbialpathogenesis,unusualstateofecologicalfactorslikelight,temperature,humidityandrainfall,physicalobstructofunderstorygroundcoverandlitters,naturalandhumandisturbanceanddifferenceforestcommunitycharacteristics.Thepaperfinallycameupwiththeproblemsexistinginthecurrentresearchandthedevelopmentideaoftheresearch.

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简介：Currentaccountingstandardsandsystemsdonotincludetheaccountingofforestecologicalassets.Withtheincreasingattentionthatpeoplepaytoforestecologicalissuesandtheneedsforaccountinginformationdisclosure,itsvalueaccountinghasbecomeaforefrontissueandhottopicintheaccountingprofession.Theprofoundissuesaboutitsparticularities,accountingrecognitionandmeasurementsaretobesolved.Basedontheanalysisofthefeaturesofforestecologicalassetsanditsimpactsonaccountingrecognitionandmeasurement,thispaperproposesthataccountingrecognitionshouldbebasedontheappraisalandafairvaluemodelissuggestedforinitialandfurthermeasurementofforestecologicalassets.Forthefairvaluemeasurement,theappraisaltechniquesofnon-marketvaluesshouldbegivenmoreconsideration.Anditsvalueappraisalmethodsshouldrefertotheexistingmatureecologicaleconomicorenvironmentaleconomicappraisalmethods.

简介：Toimprovetheaccuracyandeffectivenessofforestpestsforecasting,basedoncurrentforecastmodel,integratingthedatabaseandWebGIStechnology,apracticaldesignandconstructionapproachofforestpestknowledgebasewasputforward,andtheforecastsystemonWebapplicationframeworkwasrealizedwithsatisfactoryempiricalresults.

简介：Forestgeneticmapsareanimportantcomponentwithintheforestbiologist’stoolkit,underpinningforestimprovementprograms.Theestimationofforestgeneticmapsisaconceptuallysimpleyetcomputationallycomplexproblem,duetolonggrowthperiodandhighheterozygosisandgeneticloadofforesttrees.Atpresent,somegeneticmapsoftreeshavebeenconstructed.Thispaperreviewedtheprocessofforestgeneticmapconstruction,highlightingitsuniqueness,andpointedouttheproblemsthatmightriseinmapping.Finally,prospectwasmadeforconstructingthehighdensitygeneticmapoftrees.

简介：Forestpropertymortgageopensupanewfinancingchanneltorevitalizeforestresourcesassets,buttherearemanyrestrictionstoforestpropertymortgageloanfromrelevantlegalnormsandpracticesconcerningmortgageloanpolicies.Thepaperanalyzedtheinstitutionaldilemmaofforestpropertymortgageloaninaccordancewithrelevantlawsandpolicies,andthenmadetherecommendations,inordertoprovideameaningfulreferencetoperfectforestpropertymortgageloan.

简介：Withtheanalysisonthecharacteristicsofglobalforestcarbonmarketin2010andbasedonthecurrentstatusofChina’sforestcarbonmarket,thepaperpresentedthepathselectionforforestcarbonmarketcultivationinChina,i.e.strengtheningthepromotionandcooperationofinternationalforestcarbonsequestrationprojectstoforwardglobalforestcarbonmarketdevelopment,developingprimarymarkettransactionstosteadilypromotefinancialmarketdevelopment,promotingtheformationofdomesticforestcarbonmarket,andputtingvoluntaryemissionreductionasthepriorityofcurrentmarketdevelopment.

简介：Basedonsixthandseventhnationalforestryinventorydataofthesixprovinces,includingGuangdong,Jiangxi,Guizhou,Shaanxi,JilinandBeijing,thethreemethods(IPCC,continuousfunctionforbiomassexpansionfactorandweightedbiomassregressionmodel)wereselectedtoestimatewoodbiomassinthispaper.Theestimationofthethreemethodswerecomparedandanalyzedfromcalculatingprocess,methodcharacters,repeatabilityandverifiabilitytostabilityofgrowthrateofbiomassbetweentwoperiods.TheresultsshowedthetotalbiomassestimatedbyIPCCmethodwithvariableBEF2waslarge,thetotalbiomassestimatedbyIPCCmethodwithconstantBEF2wassmallandthetotalbiomassesestimatedbycontinuousfunctionforbiomassexpansionfactorandweightedbiomassregressionmodelweremiddle.Thebiomassexpansionfactorderivedfromweightedregressionmodelwasmoststableinthedifferentprovinces.Basedontheseventhnationalforestryinventorydata,thebiomassexpansionfactorsofvariouskindsoftreespeciesderivedfromIPCCandtheweightedregressionmodelweremorestablethanthebiomassexpansionfactorsderivedfromcontinuousfunctionmethod.Thegrowthrateofbiomassbetweentwoperiodswasthesameregularpatternasthebiomassexpansionfactors.

简介：BPandRBFneuralnetworktopredictforeststockvolumewerestudied,butthestudyinevaluatingbothnetworks’applicationeffectswasnotconducted.Inordertofindahigherforecastprecision,morestrongapplicativemethod,thecomprehensiveanalysisandevaluationonthetwomethodswerecarriedoutinthepracticalapplication.Bythecorrelationanalysis,crowndensity,shady-slopeandsunny-slope,TM1,TM2,TM3,TM5,TM7,NDVI,TM,(4-3),TM4/3wereselectedasinputvariables,andtheforestvolumeofMiyunCountyasoutputvariables,RBFandBPneuralnetworkmodelsforforecastingtheforestvolumewereestablished.Andtheneuralnetworktrainingsteplength,trainingtime,predictionaccuracyandtheapplicabilitymodelofthetwomethodswerecomprehensivelyanalyzed.TheresultsshowthattheRBFneuralnetworkmodelissuperiortotheBPneuralnetworkmodel.

简介：Fineroots（≤2mmindiameter）playimportantrolesincarbonbalanceandnutrientrecyclinginforestecosystem.Withthedevelopmentofthestudyonglobalcarboncycle,finerootshaveattractedconsiderableattentionasthemainsourceofsoilcarboninforestecosystem.Onthebasisofsyntheticanalysisofresearchreportsindomesticandforeignliteratures,wesummarizedandelaboratedthemajorabioticandbioticfactorsthatcontrolfinerootproductionandturnover.Theenvironmentalfactorsincludedsoilnutrient,soiltemperature,soilmoistureandtheCO2concentration.Soilorganisms,finerootmorphologyandforeststandcharacteristicswerediscussedasbioticfactorsinthispaper.Finally,wedefinedtheproblemsarisinginrootsystemresearchandprospectedthefutureresearchdirection.

简介：Thispaperfocusesonhowtobuildthemodelofprecisionfirehazarddivisionsinthelevelofforestresourcessub-compartment.Basedon3DGIStechnologyandcharacteristicsofforestfiresincollectiveforestofsouthernChina,thisstudyutilizedLin’anCity,ZhejiangProvinceastheexperimentalarea.Forestfirefactorsweredividedinto11indexesfromthethreecategories(socialandeconomicfactors,forestrycharacteristics,andmeteorologicalcharacteristics)andweightedforanalysis.Next,threeeigenvectors(oneforeachcategory)werecreatedtobuildanonlinearmathematicalmodelcalledprecisionfirehazarddivisionsforforests.Then,themodelwasusedtooptimizeandtestforestfirehazarddivisionswiththeleastsquares.Resultsshowedthatexperimentalandtheoreticalvaluesoferrorwerelessthan0.1.Thus,intheexperimentalareathismodelandthefireoccurrencehistorymatched.

简介：Globalwarmingisoneofthehottestenvironmentproblems.OneofthereasonsisthesharpincreaseofCO2inatmosphere.Soilrespirationinforestecosystemsaccountsto60%-90%oftotalecosystemrespirationandisthereforeoneofthekeycomponentsoftheglobalCcycle.Thispapersummarizeddifferentresponsesofsoilrespirationtoforestmanagementmeasures,anddescribedtherelevantresearchesathomeandabroadontheeffectofmanagementmeasureslikeharvesting,forestfertilization,soilimproving(Liming),litterremoval,andprescribedburningonsoilrespiration.

简介：Nitrogendepositionimposesimportantimpactonthefunctionandthestabilityofforestcarbonsequestration.Thispaperreviewedtheresearchadvancesintheincreasingresponseofforestcarbonsequestrationtonitiogendeposition,describedtheapplicationprospectsofstablecarbonisotopetechniqueintheresearchfield.Andfinallythispaperpointedoutthat,ontheconditionthatnitrogendepositionrises,ontheallocationofforestphotosyntheticproductsandthechangeinsoilcarbonturnoverratearethetwohotspotsinthefuturecarboncyclingresearch.