简介：Opto-thermaltransientemissionradiometry(OTTER)isainfraredremotesensingtechnique,whichhasbeensuccessfullyusedininvivoskinmoisturecontentandskinmoisturedepthprofilingmeasurements.Inpresentpaper,weextendthismoisturecontentmeasurementcapabilitytoanalyzethemoisturecontentoffruit(tomato,grape,etc.)skins,andtostudytherelationshipbetweenfruitsripeningprocessandtheirsurfacemoistureandmoisturedepthprofiles.

简介：InordertopreliminarilylookatrulesforsoilmoisturechangesinthebankofthegullyandtoprovidesomerecommendationsforvegetativerestorationingullybankregionsintheLoessPlateau,changesofsoilmoisturewithdepthanddistancetothegullyedgeandtheirdynamicchangeswithtimewereobservedtostudythesoilwatercharacteristicsinthebankofthegully.Theresultsshowedthatsoilwatercontentincreasedwithincreasingdistancefromthegullyedge,whereasforthesametimeperiod,thecloserthedistancetothegullywall,thegreaterthewaterloss;andthattheinfluentialdistanceofsideevaporationdecreasedasdepthincreased.

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简介：Previousconstitutivemodelsofgraniteshearcreephavetwolimitations:(1)althoughmoisturegreatlyaffectsgraniteshearcreepbehavior,currentlytherearenoconstitutivemodelsthatincludethisfactor;(2)therearealsonomodelsthatincludeanaccelerationstage.ThispaperpresentsanimprovedBurgersconstitutivemodelwiththeadditionofadamageparametertocharacterizethemoistureeffectandusesanonlinearrelationequationbetweenstressandstrainforinclusionastheaccelerationstage.Thedamageparameterisdeterminedfromgranitecreepexperimentunderfourdifferentmoisturecontents(0%,0.22%,0.49%,and0.79%).Thenonlinearrelationequationisobtainedbyfittingadatasetofstainversustimeunderfivedifferentloadingstages.Toverifythepresentedmodel,acreepexperimentwasconductedonothergranitesamplesandtheresultsshowthatthemodelagreeswellwiththeexperimentalobservationdata.

简介：在深黄土土壤存储的水是在黄土高原的半干旱的区域调整植被生长的最重要的资源之一，但是种灌木和森林经常破坏自然的水周期并且接着影响植物生长。这研究的目的是在土壤潮湿和它的内部年度的变化上检验主要植被类型的效果。在六植被的010m深度的土壤潮湿打字，即，庄稼，草，锦鸡儿属植物的种的灌木，侧柏的种的森林，松和松和侧柏的混合在2001，2005和2006被测量。在农田的大约03m和另外的植被类型的大约02m的土壤潮湿内部每年在年度降水上改变了依赖者，但是在这些深度下面内部每年是稳定的。在02m，农田的土壤潮湿比所有另外的植被类型的那些显著地大，并且在另外的植被类型之中没有重要差别。在210m，农田和草地之间没有重要潮湿差别，但是在他们俩下面的土壤潮湿比种的灌木和森林的那些显著地高。种的灌木和森林弄空在2m到或近永久的枯萎点下面的土壤潮湿，并且在森林类型之中没有重要潮湿差别。锦鸡儿属植物灌木的土壤潮湿是比森林的那些显著地低的，但是绝对差别是很小的。这研究的结果含有种的灌木和森林深弄空土壤潮湿到他们能提取到的最低限制并且他们为蒸发主要靠现在的年降水生活了。

简介：

简介：变丑参数(DP)它被定义为产品砍变丑和潮湿流动循环的拉长的变丑，被介绍。DP的趋势方程在压力坐标被导出。而且，DP被用来在Bilis的圆周诊断潮湿流动循环的变丑特性。分析证明在Bilis登陆了以前，DP介绍了八个反常区域，它或者散布了并且仔细环绕了低压的中心。这显示在Bilis的圆周的潮湿流动发行量逆时针方向旋转了并且拉长了纵并且纬度地使变形。在Bilis登陆了以后，DP逐渐地变弱，它水平分发的常规模式松开了。在台风登陆了以后，shear和包围Bilis的潮湿流动循环的拉长的变丑变弱。在Bilis的圆周的潮湿流动循环的变丑主要出现在中间降低的对流层。在垂直纬度的生气的节的shear和拉长的变丑之间的在那里存在的1/2阶段差别和水平飞机上的他们之间的/4阶段差别。作为打的Bilis和中国的进一步的移动内陆，DP的紧张，砍并且拉长变丑减少了，同时，他们的垂直、水平的结构变得不规则。为在Bilis的圆周的潮湿流动循环的变丑负责的主要动态因素是与DP的三维的移流交通联系的三个术语，之间的方形的差别砍并且拉长在Bilis前结合geopotential高度的Coriolis参数，和水平坡度的变丑登陆了。二个动态因素在Bilis以后在潮湿流动循环的变丑上联合影响了的最后登陆了。

简介：Abstract:Effectofmoisture-heatingtreatmentonthequalityofparboiledriceandprocessingoptimizationwerestudied.Resultsindicatedthattheriboflavinecontentofparboiledriceishigher,andthecolorislight,aromaisstrongandtheheadyieldratioishigherbysoakingwithacidandethanol,cookingathigh-pressureandthendryingwithhightemperature-highmoisture.Optimalprocessingparametersaresoakingpaddywithcitrateacidfor2h,thenwith1.5%ethanolfor1.5h,highpressurecookingfor30min,andthendryingunder55%RH,90~Cfor30min,coolingslowlyfor2.5h,andshellingandmillingimmediately.Headyieldratioandwholericeratiowas67.3%and87.0%respectively,thecoloroffinishedproductislight,ricearomaisstrong,andthecontentofriboflavineis2.47mg/100g.

简介：Forthemostcoastalareaswheretheairisveryhumid,studyontheeffectofhumidityontheperformanceofasphalthasitspracticalsignificance.However,limitedresearchhasbeendonetoinvestigatetheeffectofhumidityonrheologicalpropertiesofasphalt.Inthisstudy,asphaltbinderswereagedinthepressureagingvessel(PAV)underdifferentconditionsofmoistureandagingtime.ThenDynamicShearRheometer(DSR)andBendingBeamRheometer(BBR)measurementswereconductedtoobtaintheparametersrelatingtothecomplexmodulus,phaseangle,failuretemperature,andcreepstiffness.Itwasfoundthatthelowtemperatureperformancedecreasedasevidencedbytheresultsofthecreepstiffness.WhiletherewerenosignificantdifferencesamongconditionedbindersbasedoncomplexmodulusG*andphaseangleδ,itwasfoundthattheδvalueincreasedwhenthehumidityincreasedfrom0%to80%,andthentheδvaluedecreasedwhenthehumidityincreasedto100%.Inaddition,theresultsofthefailuretemperatureindicatedthatthehumidityof80%wouldbeacriticalpointforthehightemperatureperformanceoftheasphaltbinders.

简介：Soilcrustingmayhavesignificantimpactsoninfiltration,runoffgenerationanderosioninagriculturallandsorsemi-aridandaridsoils.Thepreviousinvestigationsonsoilcrustingwereoftenconductedundersimulatedrainfallconditions.Thisstudyaimstoevaluatetheeffectsofsoilcrustingonsoilmoistureduringinter-stormperiodsandsoilandwaterlossesduringstormperiodsundernaturalrainfalls.ThestudysitewaslocatedintheLoessPlateauofChina.Fourplotswithauniformslopeandsizewereselected.Soilcrustswerekeptintactonthetwoplotsthroughoutthemonitoringperiodsof1999and2000,butwerebrokenaftereachrainstormeventontheothertwoplots.Soilmoisturewasmeasuredonallplotswithanintervalofoneweekatthreedepthsandtotaleventrunoffandsedimentdischargesweremeasuredineachstorm.Itwasfoundthatnomarkeddifferenceinsoilmoistureandrunoffexistsbetweenthecrustedanduncrustedplots.Thisisbecausetherapiddevelopmentofnewcrustsontheuncrustedplotsduringthestormevents.However,theerosionrateontheuncrustedplotswassignificantlyhigherthanthatonthecrustedplots,whichwasmainlycausedbythedisturbanceofthesurfacesoilsontheuncrustedplots.ThisstudyquestionstheeffectivenessofacommonagriculturalpracticeintheLoessPlateau,hoeinglandsafterrainfall,inreducingrunoffanderosion.

简介：在为1971-的中国的使用的每日的NCEP/NCAR分析数据集和观察降雨数据2000时期，一个副热带的夏天季风索引被全部的空气列的南方的潮湿运输定义。副热带的夏天季风索引由在华南和诺思中国之间的南方的潮湿运输的差别定义的结果表演能被用来描述副热带的夏天季风的紧张。高(低)索引相应于强壮(弱)副热带的夏天季风。并且新索引与在长江的中间、更低的活动范围上的夏天降雨有关好。另外，从经由从北方中国的华南海和那的西方太平洋的潮湿运输的集中可能为在长江的中间、更低的活动范围上的反常地过多的夏天降雨负责。

简介：Theeffectsofmoisturecontent(8%,10%and12%),variety(TaromandFajr)andparboilingonmillingqualityofriceasafunctionofmillingrecovery(MR),headriceyield(HRY),degreeofmilling(DOM)andwhitenesswereinvestigated.Theparboiledgrainswaspreparedwiththreesoakingtemperaturesof25oC,50oCand75oCandthreesteamingtimesof10,15and20min.Asaresultofparboiling,theincreasingratesofMRandHRYvalueswere7.8%and14.3%forTaromand9.8%and10.0%forFajr,respectively,andthedecreasingratesforDOMandwhitenesswere6.6%and10.8%forTaromand6.8%and10.5%forFajr,respectively.Moreover,decreasingmoisturecontentto8%maximizedMR(75.8%forTaromand74.3%forFajr)andHRY(65.8%forTaromand57.0%forFajr)whileincreasingthatto12%revealedmaximumvaluesofDOM(6.1%forTaromand6.2%forFajr)andwhiteness(24.8%forTaromand28.2%forFajr).

简介：TheobjectiveofthisstudywastoinvestigateandevaluatetherheologicalandmoisturesusceptibilityoftheWMAmixturescontainingmoistaggregates.Theexperimentaldesignincludedtheutilizationsoftwoaggregatesources,twomoisture,twoanti-strippingadditives,andthreeWMAadditivesandcontrol.Severalpropertiesofthebindersandmixtureswereobtainedincluding:viscosity,dynamicshearrheometer,beambendingrheometerofWMAbinders,indirecttensilestrength(ITS),tensilestrengthratio(TSR),andflowvalues.TheexperimentalresultsindicatethattheWMAadditivescanresultinaslightdecreaseinviscosityandanincreaseinfailuretemperature.Inaddition,themoisturesusceptibilityresultsillustratedthatthemixturescontainingmoistaggregatesgenerallyhavesimilarITSvaluestoothermixturesregardlessofHMAorWMAtypes.Moreover,therewerenosignificantdifferencesinthewetITSvaluesofWMAmixtureamongstfourtypesofmixturesunderidenticalconditions(samemoistureandlimecontents)exceptforthemixturescontainingliquidanti-strippingadditiveandAsphaminadditive.

简介：Effectsofnitrogenfertilizer,soilmostureandtemperatureandtemperatureonmethaneoxidationinpaddysoilwereinvestigatedunderlaboratoryconditions.Additionof0.05gNkg^-1soilasNH4ClstronglyinhibitedmethaneoxidationandadditionofthesamerateofKClalsoinhibitedtheoxidationbutwithmoreslighteffect,suggestingthattheinhibitoryeffectwaspartlycausedbyincreaseinosmoticpotentialinmicroorganismcell,NotonlyNH4^+butalsoNO3^-greatlyaffectedmethaneoxidation.Ureadidnotaffectmethaneoxidationinpaddysoilinthefirsttwodaysofincubation,butstronginhibitoryeffectwasobservedafterwards.Methanewasoxidizedinthetreatedsoilwithanoptimummoistureof280gkg^-1,andair-dryinginhibitedmethaneoxidationentirely.Theoptimumtemperatureofmethaneoxidationwasabout30℃inpaddysoil.whilenomethaneoxidationwasobservedat5℃or50℃。

简介：InordertoexplorethefeasibilityofusingX-raytomeasuremoisturecontentinthedryingprocessandhaveafurtherstudyontheeffectofprecisionofmoisturecontentwhenscanningthroughdifferentgraindirections,X-rayscanningmethodandweightingmethodwereusedtomeasureaveragemoisturecontentofCunninghamialanceolataduringhotairdrying.Theresultsshowthatthemoisturecontentvaluesoftwomethodswereveryclosetooneanother,thedeterminationcoefficientsofbothwerehighlycorrelatedwithavalueover0.99,andtheabsolutedeviationwasbelow2%;whenscanningalongradialdirectionandlongitudinaldirection,theprecisionsofaveragemoisturecontentwerehigherthanthatofthetangentialdirection,butthedeviationcanbenegligibleintheactualmeasurement;inthepracticalapplication,theeffectofgraindirectiononprecisionofmoisturecontentmeasurementcouldnotbetakenintoaccountwhenusingX-raytomeasurethemoisturedistributionofwood.

简介：在最近的年里，全球航行卫星系统反射计(GNSS-R)被开发作为一个新遥感工具估计土壤潮湿内容(SMC)。全球放的系统(GPS)bistatic雷达的信号错误是影响SMC评价的精确性的一个重要因素。在这份报纸，直接、反映的信号被介绍的包含两个的GPS信号刻度的二个方法，和如此的方法的理论基础的详细解释被给。利用校准的GPSL乐队信号的一个改进SMC评价模型被建议，并且评价精确性在2002从土壤潮湿实验用在空中的GPS数据被验证(SMEX02)。我们为确认在US的核桃溪区域与大豆和玉米选择21个地点。这些地点根据他们的植被盖子被划分成三个范畴：赤裸的土壤，中间植被的盖子(中间蔬菜)，并且高植被的盖子(高蔬菜)。SMC评价的精确性为赤裸的土壤是11.17%并且8.12%为中间蔬菜的地点，比传统的模型的好一些。为高蔬菜的地点，信号变细的效果preliminarily由于植被盖子被考虑，与规范的差别植被索引(NDVI)有关的一个线性模特儿被收养为修正在刻度上，和错误获得一个因素因为高蔬菜的地点最后被归结为3.81%。

简介：Basedontheconceptionoffluidmechanics,thepaperpropoundsamodelformonthlypotentialevapotranspirationETi(mm):ETi=22di(1.6+Ui^1/2)woi(1-hi)/Pi^1/2(273.2+ti)^1/4whereiisthenumberofamonth,Pithemeanmonthlyatmosphericpressure(hPa),tithemeanmonthlyairtemperature(℃),dithenumberofdaysinthemonth,Uithemeanmonthlywindvelocitymeasuredatheight10-12m(m/s),woithesaturatedwatervapourpressureatti(mmHg,1mmHg=133.322Pa),andhithemeanmonthlyrelativehumidity.TheannualaridityKis:K=12∑i=1ETi/rawhereraisthemeanannualprecipitation(mm).Baseduponthedataof669sitesinChinaduring1951-1980,therelationsamongthesoilmoistureregime,thevegetationandthevalueofKmaybeillustratedasfollows:KSoilmoistureregimeVegetationK<1UdicFOrest1≤K<2semi-udicFroest,froest-steppeandsteppe2≤K<3.5Semi-aridicAridsteppe3.5≤K<11AridecDesert-steppeK≥11VeryaridicDesert.

简介：ByemployingtheimprovedT42L9spectralmodelintroducedbyNMC(Beijing)fromECMWFandutilizingtheFGGE-IIIbdatacoveringtheperiodof14—19June1979,theatmosphericresponsestotheabnormalsoilmoistureduringthemedium-rangeperiodhavebeenstudiednumerically.Accordingtotheinitialfieldat12GMT14June,afive-daynumericalexperimentunderdifferentconditionsofthesoilmoisturehasbeencarriedoutrespectively.ThemonthlymeanclimatologicalsoilmoistureforJunehasbeenusedinthecontrolexperimentintheinitialtimeanditchangeswithtimeaccordingtothemoisturebudgetequationatthelandsurface.Comparingwiththeexperimentswithdryorwetsoil.onecanconcludethat:1)Sourceofprecipitationovercontinentsinsummerconsistsoftheland-surfaceevaporationandthemoisturetransferfromoceans.Theirintensitiesarecomparableduringthemedium-rangetimescalewhenthesoilevaporatesitsmoisturesufficiently.Therefore,thesoilmoisturecaninfluencetheglobalprecipitationandthegeneralcirculationsignificantly;2)Byinfluencingthethermodynamicdifferencebetweenlandandsea,thesoilmoisturecanchangetheintensityofmonsoonandprecipitationdistribution;3)Theresponseoftheatmospheretotheabnormalsoilmoisturehasthecharacteristicsofgeographicaldistributionandnonlinearinteractions;4)Humanactivi-tiesontheworldcaninfluencetheenvironmentgreatly.

简介：Thisstudyhighlightsthejointeffectofearlypolymerizationshrinkageandlongtermmoisturediffusiononthebehavioroftherestoration-toothstructure.Theinterphasedebondingbetweenparticleandpolymerresinindentalcompositeistakenintoaccountbyintroducingthedamagevariable.Theidealizedmodelisdesignedandconstructedforrepresentingtherestorationtoothstructure,whichconsistsofenamel,dentin,compositeandinterphase,eachconsideredashomogenousmaterial.Thesimulationiscarriedoutusingthegeneral-purposefiniteelementsoftwarepackage,ABAQUSincorporatedwithausersubroutinefordefinitionofdamagedmaterialbehavior.TheinfluenceofYoung'smoduliofcompositeandinterphaseonstressanddisplacementisdiscussed.Thecompensatingeffectofwatersorptiononthepolymerizationshrinkageisexaminedwithandwithoutinvolvingdamageevolution.Acomparisonismadebetweentheinfluenceofhyper-,equi-andhypo-watersorption.Interfacialfailureinthespecificregionsaswellascuspalmovementhasbeenpredicated.Thedamageevolvingindentalcompositereducestherigidityofcomposite,thusinturnreducingconsequentstressandincreasingconsequentdisplacement.Thedevelopmentofstressesattherestoration-toothinterfacecanhaveadetrimentaleffectonthelongevityofarestoration.

简介：Anewcapacitanceprobeisdevelopedformeasuringlocalmoisturecontentinwetporousmedia.Themeasurementprinciple,sensorstructureoftheprobe,dynamicresponsecharacteristicsandcalibrationprocedurearediscussedindetail.Theexperimentalresultsshowthattheprobecanbeusedtomeasurethelocalmoisturecontentinwetporousmedia.