简介:AIDSassociatedmalignancies(ARL)isamajorcomplicationassociatedwithAIDSpatientsuponimmunosuppression.Chronicallyimmunocompromisedpatientshaveamarkedlyincreasedriskofdevelopinglymphoproliferativedisease.Intheeraofpotentantiretroviralstherapy(ARV),themalignantcomplicationsduetoHIV-1infectionhavedecreasedindevelopednationswhereARVisadministered,butstillposesamajorproblemindevelopingcountrieswhereHIV-1incidenceishighandARVisstillnotyetwidelyavailable.EveninARVtreatedindividualsthereisaconcernthattheprolongedsurvivalofmanyHIV-1carriersislikelytoeventuallyresultinanincreasednumberofmalignanciesdiagnosed.MalignanciesthatwerefoundtohavehighincidenceinHIV-infectedindividualsareKaposi'ssarcoma(KS),Hodgkin'sdisease(HD)andnon-Hodgkin'slymphoma(NHL).TheincidenceofNHLhasincreasednearly200foldinHIV-positivepatients,andaccountsforagreaterpercentageofAIDSdefiningillnessintheUSandEuropesincetheadventofHAARTtherapy.TheseAIDSrelatedlymphomasaredistinctfromtheircounterpartsseeninHIV-1seronegativepatients.ForexamplenearlyhalfofallcasesofARLareassociatedwiththepresenceofagammaherpesvirus,EpsteinBarrvirus(EBV)orhumanherpesvirus-8(HHV-8)/Kaposi'ssarcomaassociatedherpesvirus(KSHV).ThepathogenesisofARLsiscomplex.B-cellproliferationdrivenbychronicantigenemiaresultingintheinductionofpolyclonalandultimatelymonoclonallymphoproliferationmayoccurinthesettingofsevereimmunosuppression.
简介:在性复制,在昆虫和微生物之间的共生关系的不同类型变得例如建立了,一些细菌发展了几乎独占的垂直传播并且甚至定义昆虫交配的相容性合伙许多严格地,性传播疾病也除了如此的相当特定的关系在昆虫被描述了在繁殖过程的机会主义的感染的角色广泛地被忽视了在交配期间消极地播送的机会主义的微生物可能强加一精力充沛的费用,当免疫系统将需要是警戒和愿望,使用资源通过交配创伤和污染繁殖机关与潜在的入侵者作斗争机会主义的微生物可能被转移到交配搭挡并且因为“receiving”性是特别地可能的发展了改编避免或减少机会主义的感染,甚至进入身体洞女性几种的男性显示出高度复杂的精液,它象包含影响males’授精成功的部件一样,也拥有在繁殖过程的抗菌剂的角色不是的物质很好理解的抗菌剂在对微生物的精子的保护的一些证据提示,在由一般来说在复制在性选择和他们的角色强调微生物的潜在的重要性塑造繁殖特点的进化为自然选择显示一个角色我将在性选择为研究做一个案例,特别调查postcopulatory过程的,应该合并环境,象genotypic变化一样,繁殖特点地。
简介:侵略种类被他们的人口的快速的生长和传播在在新产地建立一个立脚点以后描绘,并且现在有否定地影响它是的生物多样性和经济的如此的种类的许多例子不清楚某种类为什么能成为成功的侵略者,而大多数(就算仔细联系了)我们以前建议了的遗体noninvasive如果他们向侵略者是无害的,寄生虫与入侵种联系了的一个假设能支持他们的侵略成功但是对他们在我们讨论的这里的最新开拓殖民地于的产地的竞争者或食肉动物有害最近被发现了在里面的microsporidia侵略瓢虫Harmoniaaxyridis贡献它我们显示出的侵略成功在整个世界从多样的收集地点采购的所有H.axyridis甲壳虫带这建议的丰富的microsporidia本国、侵略的H.axyridis人口与这些被联系,这容忍了寄生虫,它是可能的在扩大前在本国的人口存在而非在最新开拓殖民地于的区域被获得我们在H.axyridis的不同发展阶段期间描述microsporidia的致病,我们探讨它由竞争本国的瓢虫种类的感染的鸡蛋和幼虫的predation可以导致的可能性他们的感染并且最终到他们的衰落最后,我们讨论我们的起始的假设:被一只侵略向量昆虫容忍的microsporidia能对易受影响的本国的竞争者或食肉动物种类是活跃的。
简介:Themammalianliverhasaverystrongregenerationcapacityafterpartialhepatectomy(PH).Tofurtherlearnthegenesparticipatingintheliverregeneration(LR),551cDNAsselectedfromsubtractedcDNAlibrariesoftheregeneratingratliverwerescreenedbymicroarray,andtheirexpressionprofileswerestudiedbyclusterandgeneralizationanalyses.Amongthem,177geneswereidentifiedunreportedandup-ordown-regulatedmorethantwofoldatoneormoretimepointsafterPH,ofwhich62genesweredown-regulatedtolessthan0.5;99geneswereup-regulatedto2-10folds,and16geneswereeitherup-ordown-regulatedatdifferenttimepointsduringLR.ByusingBLASTandGENSCAN,thesegeneswerelocatedonresponsiblechromosomeswith131genesonthelongarmsofthechromosomes.Theclusterandgeneralizationanalysesshowedthatthegeneexpressionprofilesaresimilarin2and4,12and16,96and144hrespectivelyafterPH,suggestingthattheactionsofthegenesexpressedinthesameprofilesaresimilar,andthoseexpressedindifferentprofileshavelesssimilarity.However,thetypes,characteristicsandfunctionsofthe177genesremaintobefurtherstudied.
简介:我们为在人的线粒体与氨基酸新陈代谢联系的新陈代谢的小径的鉴定和重建使用了一条生物信息学途径。试验性、计算的方法决定的人的mitochondrial蛋白质从KEGG数据库在参考小径上被迭加识别mitochondrial小径。在为每条重建的小径的入口和出口点的酶被识别,并且mitochondrial溶质搬运人蛋白质是坚定的在哪儿适用。在mitochondrial小径的中间的酶基于从公共数据库,在当前的文学的证据,或我们的MITOPRED程序可得到的注解被识别,它预言蛋白质的mitochondrial本地化。通过从试验性、文献、计算的来源导出的数据的集成,我们重建了氨基酸在人的线粒体的新陈代谢的小径,它帮助能更好处于人的健康理解mitochondrial新陈代谢和它的角色。
简介:Protein-proteininteractions(PPIs)havebeenwidelystudiedtounderstandthebiologicalprocessesormolecularfunctionsassociatedwithdifferentdiseasesystemslikecancer.Whilefocusedstudiesonindividualcancershavegeneratedvaluableinformation,globalandcomparativeanalysisofdatasetsfromdifferentcancertypeshasnotbeendone.Inthiswork,wecarriedoutbioinformaticanalysisofPPIscorrespondingtodifferentiallyexpressedgenesfrommicroarraysofvarioustumortissues(belongingtobladder,colon,kidneyandthyroidcancers)andcomparedtheirassociatedbiologicalprocessesandmolecularfunctions(basedonGeneOntologyterms).Weidentifiedasetofprocessesorfunctionsthatarecommontoallthesecancers,aswellasthosethatarespecifictoonlyoneorpartialcancertypes.Similarly,proteininteractionnetworksinnucleicacidmetabolismwerecomparedtoidentifythecommon/specificclustersofproteinsacrossdifferentcancertypes.Ourresultsprovideabasisforfurtherexperimentalinvestigationstostudyproteininteractionnetworksassociatedwithcancer.Themethodologydevelopedinthisworkcanalsobeappliedtostudysimilardiseasesystems.
简介:针叶树与防御化学药品对草食动物攻击作出回应,它对昆虫和他们的联系微生物有毒。与昆虫联系的微生物广泛地被报导了使有毒的化学药品产生代射变化,它可以帮助微生物和主人昆虫克服主人针叶树防卫。DendroctonusvalensLeConte,从北美洲的一个介绍异国情调的害虫到中国,杀死了百万健康的松。Alpha-pinene是在中国Pinustabuliformis的最丰富的防御monoterpene。尽管微生物与D联系了。valens已经被调查了,很少对他们的bioactivities被知道是否遇到招待防御monoterpenes。在这研究,我们评估了α-pinene的不同集中的影响到D。D的valens和三最经常孤立的酵母和细菌。valens,和进一步的assayedmicroorganisms’降级的能力α-pinene。结果证明画廊长度和身体重量变化吠叫甲壳虫被6mg/mL显著地影响,α-pinene的12mg/mL与控制相比在媒介适用。到α-pinene的试验性的微生物的忍耐变化了取决于微生物引起的种类。二从三酵母紧张和所有三细菌的紧张降级了与在在vitro的24h的控制相比的α-pinene的20%-50%。能够在到α-pinene的高水平的vitro和他们的忍耐的α-pinene降级的微生物建议了那D。联系valens的微生物可以帮助微生物和bark甲壳虫克服宿主α-pinene防卫。
简介:在蚕的格林茧,Bombyxmori,被flavonoids累积在丝绸蛋白质,丝心蛋白和丝胶引起。尽管有自然的绿茧的经济价值和flavonoids的医药价值,有在蚕调整flavonoids举起的分子的机制的有限理解,它紧与绿茧的特点被联系。这研究的目的是执行全面分析基于microarray分析在蚕理解flavonoids举起的分子的机制。学习题目是从蚕种类,G200和N100的新格林茧,在2000年代识别的一个新自发的主导的绿茧特点。调整这个特点的基因独立于以前报导的另外的绿茧基因。染色体宽的基因表示在生产种类,G200和N100,和控制取样的蚕的新格林茧之间被比较,它是生产种类872B的白茧。在这些种类之中,N100和872B是near-isogenic线。当时,结果证明130基因在绿茧种类有一致地变化的表示模式与白茧种类相比。在这些之中,我们集中了于与flavonoids新陈代谢和吸收有关的基因,例如糖transporter基因和UDP-glucosyltransferase基因。基于我们的调查结果,我们在蚕为flavonoids吸收和新陈代谢建议潜在的机制。我们的结果暗示蚕可能在药品的研究为flavonoids被用作一个内在的模型。
简介:Thesuddenoutbreakofsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS)in2002promptedtheestablishmentofaglobalscientificnetworksubsumingmostofthetraditionalrivalriesinthecompetitivefieldofvirology.WithinmonthsoftheSARSoutbreak,collaborativeworkrevealedtheidentityofthedisastrouspathogenasSARS-associatedcoronavirus(SARS-CoV).However,althoughtherapididentificationoftheagentrepresentedanimportantbreakthrough,ourunderstandingofthedeadlyvirusremainslimited.Detailedbiologicalknowledgeiscrucialforthedevelopmentofeffectivecountermeasures,diagnostictests,vaccinesandantiviraldrugsagainsttheSARS-CoV.ThisarticlereviewsthepresentstateofmolecularknowledgeaboutSARS-CoV,fromtheaspectsofcomparativegenomics,molecularbiologyofviralgenes,evolution,andepidemiology,anddescribesthediagnostictestsandtheanti-viraldrugsderivedsofarbasedontheavailablemolecularinformation.
简介:Thl-responseplaysacrucialroleindeterminingpathogenesisoforgan-specificautoimmunediseases.ItisbelievedthatbothIL-12andINF-αareinitiatorstoregulateTh1-response.Inourexperimentalautoimmuneuveitis(EAU)model,bothLewisandFischer344ratssharethesameMHCclassⅡImolecules,whileLewisratisEAUsusceptibleandFischer344ratisEAUresistant.However,underthesameconditionofimmunization,ifpertussistoxin(PTX)wasinjectedintraperitoneallyasanadditionaladjuvant,Fischer344ratcandevelopEAU.InthisstudyweinvestigatewhichmechanismsareinvolvedintheinductionofEAUinCFA+R16+PTX-treated(CRP-treated)Fischer344rats.InvivoandinvitrodatademonstratedthatThl-cytokine,IFN-γmRNAexpressionwassignificantlyincreasedindiseasetargettissue-eyesandindraininglymphnodecellsofCRP-treatedFischer344rat.WhenIL-12andIFN-αmRNAexpressionwerecomparedintheexperimentalgroups,onlyIFN-αmRNAexpressionwasassociatedwithEAUdevelopment.TodistinguishthesourcesofIFN-αproducingcells,itwasobservedthatIFN-αexpressionwasmainlyproducedbymacrophages.ItwasfurtherconfirmedthatnormalmacrophagefromFischer344ratwasabletoproducesignificantIFN-αinthepresenceofPTX.ThedatastronglysuggestedthatIFN-αmightbeinvolvedininitiatingThl-celldifferentiationandinturncontributetotheinductionofEAU.HighIFN-αexpressioninducedbyPTXmayrepresentanovelpathwaytoinitiateThlresponseinFischer344rat.
简介:Dendroctonusfungussymbioses经常被看作理想的模型系统学习ectosymbioses,和多样的相互作用的发展和维护,包括对抗,共食生活和互助论,在这些有机体之间被记录了。红松节油甲壳虫,DendroctonusvalensLeConte(翘目:Curculionidae:Scolytinae)是在北中国的杀死松的侵略甲壳虫。真菌种类Ophiostoma减,Leptographiumsinoprocerum,L。terebrantis和L。procerum与这被联系吠叫甲壳虫。在D之间的对抗相互作用。valens和它的联系真菌,例如O。减并且L。sinoprocerum,被表明了,但是这现象的内在的原因是未知的。这里,我们首先发现二测试真菌种延迟D的净重获得。在完成在他们的媒介上的3天的喂以后的valens幼虫。而且,我们提供在D的免疫能力上显示联系真菌的效果的直接证据。valens幼虫将解释记录对抗。我们的结果证明在D的phenoloxidase和全部的phenoloxidase的活动。valens幼虫是显著地,在二的upregulated联系真菌拉紧,O。减并且L。sinoprocerum同样与控制相比。phenoloxidase比率在在与O接种的媒介上为3喂了天的幼虫显著地增加了。减。因为昆虫免疫者防卫是昂贵的被部署,这些结果能作为记录对抗的内在的机制之一被探索。
简介:Indoxacarb和metaflumizone属于钠隧道blocker杀虫药剂(SCBI)的一个相对新的班。由于indoxacarb的集中的使用,演变地的indoxacarb抵抗在几个鳞翅类的害虫被报导了,包括有菱形斑纹的蛾Plutellaxylostella,饰有十字架的庄稼的一个严肃的害虫。特别地,P的BY12人口。xylostella,从Baiyun镇定,在2012的中国的广东省,对indoxacarb和对metaflumizone更抵抗的70褶层更抵抗的750褶层与易受影响的Roth相比拉紧。编码Roth和BY12的钠隧道基因的互补DNA序列的比较在PxNa在BY人口的v蛋白质。两个变化位于被预言基于哺乳动物的钠隧道涉及局部麻醉和SCBI的有约束力的地点的一个高度保存的顺序区域以内。重要关联在在变异的等位基因(Y1845或I1848)之间的10张地镇定的人口之中被观察频率(1.7%~52.5%)和到indoxacarb(到870褶层的34-)和metaflumizone(到70褶层的1-)的抵抗层次。二个变化从来没被发现在PxNa建议他们独立地产生了的v,。这是钠隧道变化与抵抗的高水平被联系了到SCBI的第一次。F1845Y和V1848I是为在有菱形斑纹的蛾并且可能监视另外的昆虫害虫种类的抵抗的分子的标记。
简介:miRNAsarenon-codingsmallRNAsthatinvolvediversebiologicalprocesses.Untilnow,littleisknownabouttheirrolesinplantdroughtresistance.Physcomitrellapatensishighlytoleranttodrought;however,itisnotclearaboutthebasicbiologyofthetraitsthatcontributeP.patensthisimportantcharacter.Inthiswork,wediscovered16droughtstress-associatedmiRNA(DsAmR)familiesinP.patensthroughcomputationalanalysis.DuetothepossiblediscrepancyofexpressionperiodsandtissuedistributionsbetweenpotentialDsAmRsandtheirtargetinggenes,andtheexistenceoffalsepositiveresultsincomputationalidentification,thepredictionresultsshouldbeexaminedwithfurtherexperimentalvalidation.WealsoconstructedanmiRNAco-regulationnetwork,andidentifiedtwonetworkhubs,miR902a-5pandmiR414,whichmayplayimportantrolesinregulatingdrought-resistancetraits.Wedistributedourresultsthroughanonlinedatabasenamedppt-miRBase,whichcanbeaccessedathttp://bioinfor.cnu.edu.cn/ppt_miRBase/index.php.OurmethodsinfindingDsAmRandmiRNAco-regulationnetworkshowedanewdirectionforidentifyingmiRNAfunctions.
简介:
简介:IL-16isaligandandchemotacticfactorforCD4+Tcells.IL-16inhibitstheCD3mediatedlymphocyteactivationandproliferation.TheeffectsofIL-16onthetargetcellsaredependentonthecelltype,thepresenceofco-activatorsetc.TounderstandtheregulationfunctionandmechanismofIL-16ontargetcells,weuseda130a.a.recombinantIL-16tostudyitseffectsonthegrowthofJurkatTleukemiacellsinvitro.WefoundthattherIL-16stimulatedtheproliferationofJurkatcellsatlowdose(10^-9M),butinhibitedthegrowthofthecellsathigherconcentration(10^-5M).Resultsshowedthat10^-5MofrIL-16treatmentinducedanenhancedapoptosisinJurkatcells.ThetreatmentblockedtheexpressionofFasL,butup-regulatedthec-mycandBidexpressioninthecells.Pre-treatmentofPKCinhibitororMEK1inhibitormarkedlyincreasedordecreasedtherIL-16inducedgrowth-inhibitingeffectsonJurkatcells,respectively.TheresultssuggestedthattherIL-16mightbearegulatorforthegrowthorapoptosisofJurkatcellsatadose-dependentmanner.Thegrowth-inhibitingeffectsofrIL-16mightbeFas/FasLindependent,but,associatedwiththeactivationofPKC,up-regulatedexpressionofc-MycandBid,andtheparticipationoftheERKsignalpathwayinJurkatcells.
简介:细胞色素P450基因的新奇完整的长度被孤立在杀虫药剂抵抗(命名CYP6CX1v1)并且易受影响(命名CYP6CX1v2)Bemisiatabaci,作为B遗传因子型被识别,福建,中国(Sj)。CYP6CX1(1940bp包含了1557bp开的读框架)对CYP6成员普通的包括的保存领域在carboxyl附近的helix-K,氧绑定主题AGLDPV和保存顺序PEKFNP的通常认为的曲流绑定顺序ETLR和PERF例如heme有约束力的主题PFGEGPRFCIA,结束。有在R和SB之间的氨基酸残余的四不同代替。tabaci(Thr300翼,Thr354Pro,Arg486His和Ile503Thr),在哪个之中替换Ile503Thr位于底层识别地点区域。CYP6CX1v1的mRNA抄写水平象CYP6CX1v2的一样高是2.38褶层。结果显示了从B遗传因子型B的CYP6CX1。在Sj的tabaci是CYP6成员之一,并且提高了CYP6CX1表示和氨基酸残余的代用品可能在域B涉及抵抗机制。tabaci。
简介:CT120,anovelmembrane-associatedgeneimplicatedinlungcarcinogenesis,waspreviouslyidentifiedfromchromosome17pl3.3locus,ahotmutationspotinvolvedinhumanmalignancies.Inthepresentstudy,wefurtherdeterminedthatCT120ectopicexpressioncouldpromotecellproliferationactivityofNIH3T3cellsusingMTSassay,andmonitoredthedownstreameffectsofCT120inNIH3T3cellswithAtlasmousecDNAexpressionarrays.Among588knowngenes,133geneswerefoundtobeupregulatedordownregulatedbyCT120.Twomajorsignalingpathwaysinvolvedincellproliferation,cellsurvivalandanti-apoptosiswereoverexpressedandactivatedinresponsetoCT120:OneistheRaf/MEK/ErksignalcascadesandtheotheristhePI3K/Aktsignalcascades,suggestingthatCT120mightcontribute,atleastinpart,totheconstitutivelyactivationofErkandAktinhumanlungcanercells.Inaddition,sometumormetastasisassociatedgenescathepsinB,cathepsinD,cathepsinL,MMP-2/TIMP-2werealsoupregulatedbyCT120,uponwhichCT120mightbeinvolvedintumorinvasivenessandmetastasis.Inaddition,CT120mightplayanimportantroleintumorprogressionthroughmodulatingtheexpressionofsomecandidate“LungTumorProgression”genesincludingB-Raf,Rab-2,BAX,BAG-1,YB-1,andCdc42.