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简介：Differentsystemshavebeenusedovertheyearstodeliverdrugparticlestothehumanskinforpharmaceuticaleffect.Researchhasbeendonetoimprovetheperformanceandflexibilityofthesesystems.Inrecentyearsauniquesystemcalledthetransdermaldrugdeliveryhasbeendeveloped.Transdermaldrugdeliveryopenedanewdoorinthefieldofdrugdeliveryasitismoreflexibleandoffersbetterperformancethantheconventionalsystems.Theprincipleofthissystemistoacceleratedrugparticleswithahighspeedgasflow.Amongdifferenttransdermaldrugdeliverysystemswewillconcentrateonthecontourshocktubesysteminthispaper.Acontouredshocktubeisconsistsofarupturechamber,ashocktubeandasupersonicnozzlesection.Thedrugparticlesareretainedbetweenasetofburstingdiaphragm.Whenthediaphragmisrupturedatacertainpressure,ahighspeedunsteadyflowisinitiatedthroughtheshocktubewhichacceleratestheparticles.Computationalfluiddynamicsisusedtosimulateandanalyzetheflowfield.TheDPM(discretephasemethod)isusedtomodeltheparticleflow.AsanunsteadyflowisinitiatedthoughtheshocktubethedragcorrelationproposedbyIgraetalisusedotherthanthestandarddragcorrelation.Theparticlevelocitiesatdifferentsectionsincludingthenozzleexitareinvestigatedunderdifferentoperatingconditions.Staticpressurehistoriesindifferentsectionsintheshocktubeareinvestigatedtoanalyzetheflowfield.Theimportantaspectsofthegasandparticledynamicsintheshocktubearediscussedandanalyzedindetails.

简介：Severaldrug-resistantvariantshavebeendevelopedbygrowingtheparentalMELcellsinpresenceofcolchicine,adriamycinandvincristinerespectivelywithstepwiseincreasingconcentration.Boththecolchicine-resistantSc9(ColO)andvincristine-resis-tantSc9(VCR5)cellsdisplayedanacceleratedHMBA-inducedcommitmenttoterminalcelldifferentiation,whereastheadriamycin-resistantSC9(A120)showednoaccelerationbutratherasubstantialdelayinHMBA-induceddifferentiation.ThestudiesprovidemorecluesaswellasexperimentalmodelsforfurtherstudyonthemechanismofinduceddifferentiationofMELcells.

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简介：Naturalproducts(NPs)arecompoundsthatarederivedfromnaturalsourcessuchasplants,animals,andmicroisms.Therapeuticshasbenefitedfromnumerousdrugclassesderivedfromnaturalproductsources.TheBiopharmaceuticsDrugpositionClassificationSystem(BDDCS)wasproposedtoserveasabasisforpredictingtheimportanceoftransportersandenzymesindeterminingdrugbioavailabilityanddisposition.Itcategorizesdrugsintooneoffourbiopharmaceuticalclassesaccordingtotheirwatersolubilityandextentofmetabolism.Thepresentpaperreviews109drugsfromnaturalproductsources:29%belongtoclass1(highsolubility,extensivemetabolism),22%toclass2(lowsolubility,extensivemetabolism),40%toclass3(highsolubility,poormetabolism),and9%toclass4(lowsolubility,poormetabolism).HereinweevaluatedthecharacteristicsofNPsintermsofBDDCSclassforall109drugsaswellsasforsubsetsofNPsdrugsderivedfromplantsourcesasantibiotics.Inthe109NPsdrugs,wepiled32drugsfromplants,50%(16)oftotalinclass1,22%(7)inclass2and28%(9)inclass3,nonefoundinclass4;Meantime,theantibioticswerefound5(16%)inclass2,22(71%)inclass3,and4(13%)inclass4;nodrugwasfoundinclass1.Basedonthisclassification,weanticipateBDDCStoserveasausefuladjunctinevaluatingthepotentialcharacteristicsofnewnaturalproducts.

简介：目的：观察针药并用治疗非特异性急性腰扭伤的临床疗效。方法：将69例患者按就诊川页序随机分为针药并用组、针刺组和药物组。针刺组24例，采用针刺治疗，每日1次，共治疗5次；药物组20例，采用口服双氯芬酸钠治疗，50mg每次，每日2次，连服5日；针药并用纽25例采用与针刺组、药物组相同的针刺和药物治疗。以疼痛量表和下腰痛量表评价临床疗效。结果：三组患者治疗后在疼痛，活动度方面均有一定改善，但针药并用组疗效最佳，与针刺组、药物组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；针刺组与药物组比较，差异无统计学意义。结论：针药并用治疗急性腰扭伤疗效优于单纯针刺治疗或常规剂量双氯芬酸钠治疗。

简介：Thepaperdescribesdrugreleaseevaluationofabiodegradablelong-actingcon-traceptiveCapsule(CaproF)containinglevonorgestrel(LNG)invivo.Poly(E-Capro-lactone)(PCL)biodegradablematerial,suitableformanymedicalapplication,wasusedinthisstudy.Itwasextrudedintotubes.ThetubeswerethencutandloadedwithLNGpowderbeforemelting-sealedonbothendstogetdrugcapsules.Thissub-dernalimplanthasbeenfoundtobehighlyeffectiveinanimalexperiments.Twoad-

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简介：Inordertodeterminetheroleofalginate-derivedoligosaccharides(ADO)indroughtstressresistanceoftomato(Ly-copersiconesculentumMiller)seedlings,theleaveswereexposedtodifferentconcentrationsofADO(0.05%,0.10%,0.20%,0.30%and0.50%)afterdroughtstresswassimulatedbyexposingtherootsto0.6molL-1PEG-6000solutionfor6h.Changesinbiomass,electrolyteleakageandmalondialdehyde(MDA),freeproline,totalsolublesugars(TSS)andabscisicacid(ABA),theenzymeactivitiesofcatalase(CAT),superoxidedismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)andphenylalanineammonia-lyase(PAL)weremeasuredtoinvestigatetheeffectsofADOtreatment.TheresultsshowedthatthetreatmentwithanADOconcentrationof0.20%exhibitedthehighestperformanceofdroughtstressresistanceinthetomatoseedlingsbydecreasingtheelectrolyteleakageandtheconcentrationofMDA,increasingthecontentsoffreeproline,TSSandABA,andincreasingtheactivitiesofCAT,SOD,PODandPALaftertreatmentwithADO.Itissuggestedthatchangesinelectrolyteleakage,MDA,osmoticsolutes,ABA,anti-oxidativeenzymeandPALactivitieswereresponsiblefortheincreaseddroughtstressresistanceintomatoseedlings.Toourbestknowledge,thisisthefirstreportoftheeffectofADOtreatmentonenhancingthedroughtstressresistanceoftomatoseedlings.

简介：Theeffectivethermalconductivityofcompositeswithellipsoidalfillersisanalyzedbyusingahomogenizationmethodthatisabletorepresentthemicrostructureprecisely.Inthisstudy,variousparameterssuchasthevolumefraction,shape,anddistributionofthefillerarequantitativelyestimatedtounderstandthemechanismsofheattransferinthecomposite.First,thermalboundaryresistancebetweenresinandfillerisimportantforobtainingcompositeswithhigherthermalconductivity.Second,theanisotropyoftheeffectivethermalconductivityarisesfromcontactbetweenfillerinthecaseofellipsoidalfillerandproduceslowerthermalresistance.Finally,thefillernetworkandthermalresistanceareessentialfortheheattransferincompositesbecausethepathofthermalconductionisimprovedbycontactbetweenneighboringfillerparticles.

简介：ChinesepopulationsinfectedwithHIV-1.Methods:GenomeDNAfromperipheralbloodmononuclearcells(PBMCs)of78HIV-1infectorswasamplifiedbypolymerasechainreaction(PCR).CCR5,CCR2bandSDF1genefragmentswereobtainedfromrestrictivefragmentlengthpolymorphism(RFLP)and/orCCR△32,CCR5m303,CCR2b-64IandSDF1-3'Aallelicgenes'mutationalfrequenciesweresequenceddirectlyfromPCRproducts.Results:NoneofCCR5△32,CCR5m303genemutationwerefoundin78subjectswithHIV-1infection.TheallelicgenemutationfrequenciesofCCR2b-64IandSDF1-3'Acorrespondingto14.9-34.0%and17.6-38.2%of95%CI,were22.79%and26.92%respectively.TheircolonydistributionconformedtotheHardy-Weinbergequilibrium.Conclusion:TheHIV-1infectionsfoundatpresentareallsusceptiblepopulationofCCR5△32andCCR5m303.ThepolymorphismandfrequenciesofCCR5△32,CCR5m303,CCR2b-64IandSDF1-3'AallelesfromChineseHIV-1infectedpopulationweredisclosedinthisstudyforthefirsttime,whichisofsignificanceforstudyingthegeneticresistancetosusceptibilitytoHIV-1infectionaswellasAIDSdiseaseprogression.

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简介：Ballisticthermalresistanceofgraphenenano-junctionsisinvestigatedusingnon-equilibriummoleculardynamicssimulation.Thesimulationsystemisconsistedoftwosymmetricaltrapezoidalorrectangulargraphenenanoribbons(GNRs)andaconnectingnanoscaleconstrictioninbetween.Fromthesimulatedtemperatureprofile,abigtemperaturejumpresultedfromtheconstrictionisfound,whichisproportionaltotheheatcurrentandcorrespondstoalocalballisticthermalresistance.FixingtheconstrictionwidthandthelengthofGNRs,thisballisticthermalresistanceisindependentofthewidthoftheGNRsbottomlayer,i.e.,theconvexangle.Butinterestingly,thisthermalresistancehasobvioussizeeffect.Itisinverselyproportionaltotheconstrictionwidthandwilldisappearwiththeconstrictionbeingwider.Moreover,basedonthephonondynamicstheory,atheoreticalmodeloftheballisticthermalresistanceintwo-dimensionalnano-systemsisdeveloped,whichgivesagoodexplanationonmicrocosmiclevelandagreeswellwiththesimulationresultquantitativelyandqualitatively.

简介：由异国情调的植物的成功的侵略经常从防卫被归因于共同演变的专家的损失和资源的重新分配到生长和复制。然而，因为他们被通晓各方面知识经验丰富的人经常在他们的介绍范围攻击，侵略植物完全很少被免除昆虫herbivory。新奇通晓各方面知识经验丰富的人社区可以也影响侵略植物防御策略和资源分配。这里，我们用美国一种商陆(Phytolacca有关美国的文献L.)测试了这个假设，种那在中国变得侵略，它对北美洲本国。当植物在中国暴露于自然通晓各方面知识经验丰富的人草食动物时，我们从中国和USA检验了植物人口的抵抗，忍耐，生长和复制。我们发现那叶损坏比为本国的人口为侵略人口是更大的，显示从侵略范围的植物有到从本国的范围的比那些的herbivory的更低的抵抗。尽管射击，根，水果和全部的质量比为本国的人口为侵略人口是更大的，靠着质量的叶损坏的百分比的回归证明在在侵略、本国的人口之间的忍耐没有重要差别。这些结果建议通晓各方面知识经验丰富的人草食动物是调停的重要司机侵略美国一种商陆的防御策略和资源分配。

简介：<正>BrineresourceisrichinChina,butitsexploitationhasbeenaproblem.Hypersalinebrinewillcorrodeequipmentandmaterialsseriouslyduringthebrineexploitationandtransportation.Thecorrosionproblemcancausegreat

简介：多孔的媒介在生产和生活，以及在科技有大量应用。在多孔的媒介的流动抵抗的学习在工业、农业的生产上有大效果。通过一张20公里玻璃范围床的液体流动的流动抵抗试验性地被学习。在Ergun方程和试验性的数据之间有重要偏差，这被发现。一个蹒跚的毛孔喉咙模型被建立在随机包装的多孔的媒介调查流动抵抗。一个假设被做粒子在常规三角安排被蹒跚。在随机的多孔的媒介的流动抵抗的分析明确的表达被导出。在明确的表达没有实验常数，每个参数有一个特定的物理意思。明确的表达预言在对试验性的数据的好同意。偏差在25%的范围以内。这证明蹒跚的毛孔喉咙模型是讲理的并且被期望被更多的实验验证并且延长了到另外的多孔的媒介。

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