简介:目的:探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquredimmunodeficiencysyndrome,AIDS,简称艾滋病)发生视乳头病变的类型及其与CD4^+T淋巴细胞的关系。方法:回顾分析107例(214眼)艾滋病患者经眼底彩照及眼底荧光血管造影(fluoresceinangiography,FFA)检查确诊的视乳头病变患者,统计AIDS性视乳头病变的发生率及病变类型以及与CD^+T淋巴细胞数之间的关系。结果:107例(214跟)AIDS患者发生视乳头病变71眼,占33.2%;其中,前段缺血性视神经病变30眼,占42.2%(30/71);视盘水肿12眼,占16.9%(12/71);无体征性视神经病变29眼,占40.8%(29/71)。CD4^+T淋巴细胞≤50个/μ发生视乳头病变59眼,未发生视乳头病变75眼,发病率44.0%(59/134);CD^4+T淋巴细胞≥51个/μL发生视乳头病变12眼,未发生视乳头病变68眼,发病率15.0%(12/80)。经双侧检测统计:χ^2=19.042,P=0.000。说明组间具有显著差异性。结论:AIDS视乳头病变的类型呈多样性,且CD^4+T淋巴细胞数越少,发生视乳头病变的几率越大。
简介:目的构建肺炎链球菌自溶素(pneumococcalautolysin,LytA)核酸疫苗,并研究其免疫原性。方法采用聚合酶链反应方法从肺炎链球菌基因组中克隆肺炎链球菌自溶素基因,然后将该基因插入到pVAX1真核表达载体中,构建表达LytA的重组质粒,制备成超螺旋比例大于90%的核酸疫苗。实验组:BALB/c小鼠5只,对其分3次肌内注射核酸疫苗(100μg);对照组:BALB/c小鼠5只,肌内注射pVAX1空载体(100μg)3次。分别采集小鼠血清,采用间接酶联免疫吸附方法测定血清LytA特异性抗体水平。结果扩增出的LytA基因(957bp)与基因库中LytA的编码序列(957bp)一致。成功构建了LytA核酸疫苗。实验组小鼠的血清LytA抗体水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。结论成功克隆了LytA基因,制备了LytA核酸疫苗,后者可在小鼠体内诱导较强的特异性体液免疫反应。
简介:目的:探索一种临床实用的前房深度相对定量测量法,初步确定老年人前房深度的正常参考值。方法:裂隙灯光源外转45°,受检眼直视裂隙光,在6点时钟方向测量六个点的前房深度(ABCDEF),以角膜缘处的角膜厚度(CT值)为1计。A:角巩膜缘黑白交界处;B:A点上移1CT;C:B点上移1CT;D:虹膜最高点;E:瞳孔缘;F:晶状体前极。测量了50~75岁的正常老年人,229例229眼,采用双盲法对22例44眼进行了11次重复性检测。结果:女性组ABCDEF点的前房深度均值分别为0.38,0.58,0.89,2.10,2.65和3.26CT;男性组分别为0.71,1.02,1.43,2.37,2.90,3.41CT。女性组每个点的深度均比男性浅(P〈0.05),越近周边部越显著。结论:前房深度六点相对定量测量法可重复性好,实用性强。
简介:目的:探讨眼附属器B细胞非霍杰金淋巴瘤(B—cellnon-Hodgkinlymphoma,NHL)中Skp2,p27和PTEN的表达。方法:收集1995年到2011年青岛大学附属医院眼科石蜡包埋标本,用免疫组化法分别检测眼附属器B细胞NHL(n=30)标本中Skp2,p27和PTEN的表达,以眼部反应性淋巴组织增生(n=10)作为对照组。以患者的年龄、性别、发病部位,病理类型作为眼附属器B细胞NHL的的分类标准。结果:Skp2,p27和PTEN的表达与患者的年龄、性别、发病部位无关,而与病例类型有关。眼附属器B细胞NHLSkp2表达率与眼部反应性淋巴组织增生相比显著增高。p27,PTEN表达率与反应性淋巴组织增生相比显著降低。随眼附属器B细胞NHL病理分级的提高,Skp2的表达显著增高,p27和PTEN的表达显著降低。在黏膜相关淋巴组织结(mucosa—associatedlymphoidtissue,MALT)外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuselargeB—celllymphoma,DLBCL)中,Skp2分别与p27,VFEN成负相关,p27和PTEN成正相关。结论:Skp2的表达升高,p27,PTEN蛋白的缺失以及可能与眼附属器B细胞NHL的发生有关;其中在MALT外边缘区DLBCL中,三种蛋白存在相关性。联合三种蛋白的检测眼附属器B细胞NHL的不同病理类型有重要意义。
简介:AIM:Toassesstheeffectivenessofimmunosuppressantsintheprophylaxisofcornealallograftrejectionafterhigh-riskkeratoplastyandnormal-riskkeratoplasty.METHODS:WesearchedtheCochraneCentralRegisterofControlledTrials(CENTRAL),MEDLINE,EMBASE,CNKI,VIPandreferencelistsofarticles.Dateofmostrecentsearch:18June,2011.Allrandomisedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)assessingtheuseofimmunosupressantsinthepreventionofgraftrejection,irrespectiveofpublicationlanguage.Twoauthorsassessedtrialqualityandextracteddataindependently.Onlydichotomousoutcomes(cleargraftsurvival,ratioofimmunereactionsandsideeffects)wereavailableandwereexpressedasrelativerisk(RR)and95%confidenceintervals(CI).RESULTS:Sevenstudieswereincludedinthisreview.Inthecomparingofmycophenolatemofetil(MMF)withplacebo,theresultsshowedMMFcouldsignificantlyreduceimmunereactionscomparedwithplacebo(RR1.0895%Cl0.95to1.21),butnoeffectoncleargraftsurvival(RR1.1195%Cl0.90to1.35).Incleargraftsurvivalandimmunereactions,MMFandcyclosporineA(CsA)showedsimilareffect(RR1.1195%Cl0.90to1.35,andRR1.48,95%Cl0.56to3.93,respectively).Tacrolimus(FK506)andsteroidshowedsimilareffectsoncleargraftsurvivalandimmunereactions(RR0.32,95%CI0.02to6.21,andRR1.00,95%CI0.88to1.14,respectively).Nodrugrelativesideeffecthasbeenfound.CONCLUSION:MMFmayreduceimmunereactionsinbothnormal-riskandhigh-riskrejectionofpenetratingkeratoplasty.CsAandFK506showedsimilareffectsasMMF.However,duetothelackoflargeclinicaltrials,theevidenceremainweak,thequalityofevidenceswereratedasverylowtomoderate.Large,properlyrandomised,placebo-controlled,doublemaskedtrialsareneededtoevaluatetheeffectofimmunosuppressants.
简介:目的:观察糖尿病视网膜病变(diabeticretinopathy,DR)患者行全视网膜光凝(panretinalphotocoagulation,PRP)后服药前及服药2mo后患眼的全视野视网膜电图(fullfieldelectroretinogram,ERG)变化,探讨递法明片对DR暗适应功能的保护作用。方法:选择在我医院就诊的重度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(nonproliferativediabeticretinopathy,NPDR)患者55例55眼,随机分为治疗组和对照组。两组均行全视网膜光凝,治疗组光凝后口服递法明片,对照组口服维生素B1片2次/d,10mg/次。PRP后服药前及服药2mo后行全视野视网膜电图检查,观察其暗视视杆反应的变化并进行统计学处理。结果:两组患者服药前及服药2mo后,暗视视杆反应bT值组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P〉0.05);治疗组bA值服药2mo后与服药前相比振幅升高,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05),与对照组相比治疗组振幅升高较大,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论:递法明片可减轻PRP治疗对视网膜的损害,改善患者的暗适应功能。
简介:目的:比较常规泪小管断裂吻合术和鼻内窥镜引导逆行注气法联合5-氟尿嘧啶治疗泪小管断裂的手术时效和疗效。方法:收集秦皇岛市海港医院眼科2009-01/2015-12下泪小管断裂行手术治疗的患者67例67眼的临床资料进行研究。采用数字表法随机将患者分为A组和B组。A组33例33眼行常规泪小管断裂吻合术,B组34例34眼行鼻内窥镜引导逆行注气法联合5-氟尿嘧啶治疗泪小管断裂。分别采用独立样本t检验和Mann-Whitney秩和检验的方法对两组的找到泪小管断端的时间和手术疗效进行比较。结果:A组找到泪小管断端的时间为44.42±10.66min,B组找到泪小管断端的时间为30.06±6.21min,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=6.72,P〈0.05)。术后6mo冲洗泪道判断手术疗效,B组疗效优于A组,差异有统计学意义(Z=2.47,P〈0.05)。结论:鼻内窥镜引导逆行注气法联合5-氟尿嘧啶治疗泪小管断裂和常规泪小管断裂吻合术相比,手术时间短,术后疗效佳。
简介:目的观察初学者学习0.7毫米微创白内障手术改良法的临床效果。方法随机选取门诊和住院白内障患者50人,由初学者在老师指导下应用0.7毫米微创白内障手术改良法施行手术。研究内容包括手术时间,术中灌注液应用量,术中并发症等。结果手术时间随着学习的进程总体呈下降趋势,从开始10例平均时间61分22秒下降到第5个10例的18分54秒。特别是30例后下降明显。共7例9次并发症发生。第4例出现后囊破裂,未行玻璃体切割的情况下成功植入人工晶状体于睫状沟内。前10例中共有2例,第2和4个10例中各1例术中角膜上皮水肿。另外还有1例发生后弹力层撕裂,两例切口撕裂,1例结膜水肿。结论经过短期的0.7毫米微创白内障手术改良法训练,初学者可从传统同轴超声乳化安全转换至0.7毫米微创白内障手术。
简介:·AIM:Toexploretheeffectofimmunizationwithcopolymer-1(COP-1)andretinalstemcells(RSCs)transplantationoninterferon-gamma(IFN-γ)levelsinaratexperimentalglaucomamodel.·METHODS:Anexperimentalglaucomawasinducedbyargonlaserphotocoagulationoftheepiscleralveinsandlimbalplexusintherighteyeofrats.Immediatelyfollowingglaucomainduction,ratswereimmunizedwithCOP-1.RSCswereculturedandtransplantedintravitreallyintotheeyesofglaucomamodelanimals1weekpost-lasertreatment.Sixexperimentalgroupswereused:COP-1/RSC,PBS/RSC,COP-1/PBS,PBS/PBS,glaucomamodelgroup,andanormalcontrolgroup.TheconcentrationofIFN-γinaqueoushumor(AH)andserumwasmeasuredbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)ineachofthesixgroups.Retinalganglioncell(RGC)survivalwasassessedbyquantifyingapoptosisusingHoechststaining.·RESULTS:ConcentrationsofIFN-γinAHandserumofratsthathadundergoneglaucomainductionwerehigherthanthoseofnon-inducedcontrolrats.TheconcentrationsofIFN-γinAHandserumoftheCOP-1/RSCstreatedgroupweredeterminedtobe2371.9ng/Land710.9ng/L,respectively,whichweresignificantlylowerthanthoseintheothertreatedgroups(P<0.05).Infact,IFN-γlevelsinthedualtreatedgroupwerereducedtobackgroundlevels.TheCOP-1/RSCgrouphadlowernumberofapoptoticRGCsthantheotherthreeexperimentalgroups(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:ThereducedlevelsofIFN-γinAHandserumoftheCOP-1/RSCgroupmayberelatedtosynergisticeffectsbetweenRSCstransplantationandCOP-1immunemodulation.ItislikelythatthelowerlevelsofIFN-γpreventedRGCsglaucomatousapoptosis.·
简介:AIM:Toevaluatetheaccuracyofsphericalequivalent(SE)estimatesofadouble-passsystemandtocompareitwithretinoscopy,subjectiverefractionandatablemountedautorefractor.METHODS:Non-cycloplegicrefractionwasperformedon125eyesof65healthyadults(age23.5±3.0years)fromOctober2010toJanuary2011usingretinoscopy,subjectiverefraction,autorefraction(AutokeratorefractometerTOPCONKR-8100,Japan)andadoublepasssystem(OpticalQualityAnalysisSystem,OQAS,VisiometricsS.L.,Spain).Nineconsecutivemeasurementswiththedouble-passsystemwereperformedonasubgroupof22eyestoassessrepeatability.ToevaluatethetruenessoftheOQASinstrument,theSElaboratorybiasbetweenthedoublepasssystemandtheothertechniqueswascalculated.RESULTS:TheSEmeancoefficientofrepeatabilityobtainedwas0.22D.SignificantcorrelationscouldbeestablishedbetweentheOQASandtheSEobtainedwithretinoscopy(r=0.956,P<0.001),subjectiverefraction(r=0.955,P<0.001)andautorefraction(r=0.957,P<0.001).ThedifferencesinSEbetweenthedouble-passsystemandtheothertechniquesweresignificant(P<0.001),butlackedclinicalrelevanceexceptforretinoscopy;Retinoscopygavemorehyperopicvaluesthanthedouble-passsystem-0.51±0.50Daswellasthesubjectiverefraction-0.23±0.50D;Moremyopicvalueswereachievedbymeansofautorefraction0.24±0.49D.CONCLUSION:Thedouble-passsystemprovidesaccurateandreliableestimatesoftheSEthatcanbeusedforclinicalstudies.Thistechniquecandeterminethecorrectfocuspositiontoassesstheocularopticalquality.However,ithasarelativelysmallmeasuringrangeincomparisonwithautorefractors(-8.00to+5.00D),andrequirespriorinformationontherefractivestateofthepatient.