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简介：AbstractBackground:Traumatic brain injury, one of the leading causes of death in adults under 40 years of age in the world, is frequently caused by mechanical shock, resulting in diffuse neuronal damage and long-term cognitive dysfunction. Many existing TBI animal models revival with expensive equipment or special room are needed or the processes of operations are complex and not easy to be widely used. Therefore, a simpler TBI model needs to be designed.Methods:Our TBI model is an innovation of the modeling method through air guns shutting rubber bullets. A core facet is the application of our designed rubber bullet impact device. It could focus the hitting power to the fixed site of the brain, thus triggering a mild closed head injury. Moreover, the degree of damage can be adjusted by the times of shots.Results:Our model induced blood-brain barrier leakage and diffused neuronal damage. Besides, it led to an increased level of Tau phosphorylation and resulted in cognitive dysfunction within several weeks post-injury.Conclusion:Our TBI model is not only simple and time-saving but also can simulate mild brain injuries in clinical. It is suitable for exploring pathobiological mechanisms as well as a screening of potential therapies for TBI.

简介：AbstractBackground:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication following lung transplantation (LTx), and it is associated with high mortality and morbidity. This study assessed the incidence of AKI after LTx and analyzed the associated perioperative factors and clinical outcomes.Methods:This retrospective study included all adult LTx recipients at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital in Beijing between March 2017 and December 2019. The outcomes were AKI incidence, risk factors, mortality, and kidney recovery. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors. Survival analysis was presented using the Kaplan-Meier curves.Results:AKI occurred in 137 of the 191 patients (71.7%), with transient AKI in 43 (22.5%) and persistent AKI in 94 (49.2%). AKI stage 1 occurred in 27/191 (14.1%), stage 2 in 46/191 (24.1%), and stage 3 in 64/191 (33.5%) of the AKI patients. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) was administered to 35/191 (18.3%) of the patients. Male sex, older age, mechanical ventilation (MV), severe hypotension, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction (MODS), prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), reintubation, and nephrotoxic agents were associated with AKI (P < 0.050). Persistent AKI was independently associated with preoperative pulmonary hypertension, severe hypotension, post-operative MODS, and nephrotoxic agents. Severe hypotension, septic shock, MODS, reintubation, prolonged MV, and ECMO during or after LTx were related to severe AKI (stage 3) (P < 0.050). Patients with persistent and severe AKI had a significantly longer duration of MV, longer duration in the intensive care unit (ICU), worse downstream kidney function, and reduced survival (P < 0.050).Conclusions:AKI is common after LTx, but the pathogenic mechanism of AKI is complicated, and prerenal causes are important. Persistent and severe AKI were associated with poor short- and long-term kidney function and reduced survival in LTx patients.

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简介：AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the most common severe diseases seen in the clinical setting. With the continuous exploration of ARDS in recent decades, the understanding of ARDS has improved. ARDS is not a simple lung disease but a clinical syndrome with various etiologies and pathophysiological changes. However, in the intensive care unit, ARDS often occurs a few days after primary lung injury or after a few days of treatment for other severe extrapulmonary diseases. Under such conditions, ARDS often progresses rapidly to severe ARDS and is difficult to treat. The occurrence and development of ARDS in these circumstances are thus not related to primary lung injury; the real cause of ARDS may be the "second hit" caused by inappropriate treatment. In view of the limited effective treatments for ARDS, the strategic focus has shifted to identifying potential or high-risk ARDS patients during the early stages of the disease and implementing treatment strategies aimed at reducing ARDS and related organ failure. Future research should focus on the prevention of ARDS.

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简介：喻摧毁种类损害在涉及疾跑的运动之中是普通的，踢，并且有新潮的屈曲和膝扩展的高速度的有技能的运动或广泛的肌肉变长类型演习。这些损害提出周期性的损害的重要恢复时间和增加的危险性的一个过长的时期的挑战。中的将近三分之一个喻摧毁种类经常与随后的损害在第一年追随者回来以内复发到运动比原版更严重。这高重新损害率建议运动员们可能由于不适当的回来过早地正在回到运动到运动标准。在这篇评论文章，我们描述传染病学，风险因素，微分诊断，和预后一尖锐喻摧毁紧张。基于当前的可得到的证据，我们然后为康复建议一个临床的指南尖锐喻摧毁当估计一个运动员的愿意回到运动时，紧张和一个算法处理在决策帮助临床医生。

简介：<正>DearEditor,Wepresentacaseof'Rhegmatogenousretinaldetachmentfollowingelectricalshockinjury'forevaluationforpublicationinyourjournal.Toourknowledge,thisisthefirstcaseofretinaltearsandretinaldetachmentcausedbyanelectricalshockreportedintheliterature.That

简介：Objective:　Tostudytheclinicalfeaturesofcraniocerebralinjury(CI)intheaged.　　Methods:　Thedataof149oldpatientswithCIhospitalizedinthedepartmentfromJuly1991toMay2000werestudiedretrospectivelyinthisstudy.Thecausesofinjury,traumaticpathology,clinicalmanifestationandcausesofdeathwereanalyzed,too.　　Results:　Automobileswerethemainvictim-makers,andfallswerethesecond.Andtherewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenthefirsttwokindsofvictim-makers.Thepatientssufferedmainlyfromcerebralcontusion,intracerebralhematomasandsubduralhematomas,andrelativelyfewerfromepiduralhematomas.ThescoresofGlasgowComaScale(GCS)wererelatedcloselytotheprognosiswhenhospitalizedorbeforesurgicaltreatment.Thetotalmortalityratewas37.5%inthisstudy.Themaincauseofdeathwasbraininjury.　　Conclusions:　TheoldpatientswithCIhaveahighmortalityrate.Andthecausesofinjury,traumaticpathologyandclinicalmanifestationarepeculiarintheaged.

简介：Objective:ToinvestigatetherelationbetweennecrosisandapoptosisinthehippocampusofexogenousbFGFonthisprocess.Methos:WithMarmarou'smethodweproducedaseverediffusebraininjuryandstudiedthechangesinthehippocampusbyadaptingamodifiedTdT-mediateddUTP-biotinnickendlabeling(TUNEL)method.AtthesametimeweobservedtheeffectofexogenousbFGFonneuronalnecrosisandapoptosis.Results:WefoundthattogetherwithcellnecrosistherewasanincreaseinthenumberofapoptoticneuronsinthehippocampusCA2-3sectorsasearlyas4hafterinjury,withnumbersreachingamaximumat7d.ExogenousbFGFresultedinadefinitereductionintheamountofnecrosisandapoptosis.Conclusions:NeuronalnecrosisandapoptosisoccurincombinationafterbraininjuryandthatoneofthecausesmaybetheinsufficienceexpressionofthebFGFgeneinthehippocampusaftersevereinjury.ExogenousbFGFandsimilarsubstancemayproveclinicallyusefulafterbraininjurybyreducingcellnecrosisandapoptosis.

简介：<正>Thereisaneedforthepreventionofupperextremityinjuriesthataffectalargenumberofcompetitivebaseballplayers.Currentlyavailableevidencealludestothreepossiblewaystopreventtheseinjuries:1)regulationofunsafeparticipationfactors,2)implementationofexerciseinterventiontomodifysuboptimalphysicalcharacteristics,and3)instructionalinterventiontocorrectimproperpitchingtechniques.Ofthesethreestrategies,instructionofproperpitchingtechniqueisunder-exploredasamethodofinjuryprevention.Therefore,thepurposeofthisreviewwastoexploretheutilityofpitchingtechniqueinstructioninpreventionofpitching-relatedupperextremityinjuriesbypresentingevidencelinkingpitchingtechniqueandpitching-relatedupperextremityinjuries,aswellasidentifyingconsiderationsandpotentialbarriersinpursuingthisapproachtopreventinjuries.Variouskinematicparametersmeasuredusinglaboratory-basedmotioncapturesystemhavebeenlinkedtoexcessivejointloading,andthuspitching-relatedupperextremityinjuries.Aswegainmoreknowledgeabouttheinfluenceofpitchingkinematicsonjointloadingandinjuryrisk,itisimportanttostartexploringwaystomodifypitchingtechniquethroughinstructionandfeedbackwhileconsideringthespecificskillcomponentstoaddress,modeofinstruction,targetpopulation,durationofprogram,andwaystoeffectivelycollaboratewithcoachesandparents.

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简介：客观：在老鼠在试验性的针的绳索损害(SCI)上观察橡黄素的效果。方法：六十只Sprague-Dawley老鼠随机被划分成四个组；仅仅为laminectomy的组A，为有SCI的laminectomy的组B，为有为SCI和intraperitoneal注射的200mg/kg橡黄素和组D的一丸大丸药的SCI和intraperitonealinjection的组C盐。SCI模型被使用修改侨民做“T_(12)上的s方法。每个组的六只老鼠在损害和免费的铁的层次以后在4h被打死，深奥针的绳索片断的malondialdehyde(MDA)被bleomycin和thiobarbituric酸(TBA)测量试金独立。后部的手足功能的Therecovery被修改Tarlov估计“在在SCI以后的7d，14d和21d的s规模和斜面方法。损坏针的绳索的组织学的变化也在SCI以后在7d被检验。结果：在SCI以后，免费的铁和MDA的层次显著地在组B和D被增加，当时不在组C。修改Tarlov“s分数和斜面角度显著地在组B，C和D被减少。组织学的调查结果没被改进。结论：在SCI以后，橡黄素能每氧化减少类脂化合物的水平，然而并非改进功能的恢复。

简介：Anti-androgentherapyistheleadingtreatmentforadvancedprostatecancerandiscommonlyusedforneoadjuvantoradjuvanttreatment.Bicalutamideisanon-steroidalanti-androgen,usedduringtheinitiationofandrogendeprivationtherapyalongwithaluteinizinghormone-releasinghormoneagonisttoreducethesymptomsoftumor-relatedflaresinpatientswithadvancedprostatecancer.Assideeffects,bicalutamidecancausefatigue,gynecomastia,anddecreasedlibidothroughcompetitiveandrogenreceptorblockade.Additionally,althoughnotascommon,drug-inducedliverinjuryhasalsobeenreported.Herein,wereportacaseofhepatotoxicitysecondarytobicalutamideuse.Typically,bicalutamideinducedhepatotoxicitydevelopsafterafewdays;however,inthiscase,hepaticinjuryoccurred5moaftertreatmentinitiation.Basedonthisrarecaseofdelayedliverinjury,werecommendcarefulmonitoringofliverfunctionthroughoutbicalutamidetreatmentforprostatecancer.

简介：Hamstringmusclestraininjuryisthemostcommonandprevalentinjuryinsportsinvolvinghigh-speedrunning,suchasAmericanfootball,Australianfootball,Englishrugby,soccer,trackandfield,andcricket.1Hamstringmusclestraininjuryalsohasahighrecurrencerateofupto48%.2Theaveragepracticeandgametimelossduetohamstringinjuryisbetween17and60days,contingentonthegradeofinjury.2Severehamstringmusclestraininjuries,andassociatedrecurrentinju-

简介：AbstractPurpose:An injury surveillance information system (ISIS) collects, analyzes, and distributes data on injuries to promote health care delivery. The present study aimed to review the data elements and functional requirements of this system.Method:This study was conducted in 2019. Studies related to injury surveillance system were searched from January 2000 to September 2019 via the databases of PubMed, Web of Knowledge, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Articles related to the epidemiology of injury, population survey, and letters to the editor were excluded, while the review and research articles related to ISISs were included in the study. Initially 324 articles were identified, and finally 22 studies were selected for review. Having reviewed the articles, the data needed were extracted and the results were synthesized narratively.Results:The results showed that most of the systems reviewed in this study used the minimum data set suggested by the World Health Organization injury surveillance guidelines along with supplementary data. The main functions considered for the system were injury track, data analysis, report, data linkage, electronic monitoring and data dissemination.Conclusion:ISISs can help to improve healthcare planning and injury prevention. Since different countries have various technical and organizational infrastructures, it is essential to identify system requirements in different settings.

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatetheepidemiologiccharacteristicsandoutcomesofopenglobeinjuryinShanghai.METHODS:Aretrospectivestudywasconductedfor148unilateralopenglobeinjurycasespresentingtoatertiaryreferralhospitalofShanghai.Electronicmedicalrecordswerereviewedandphonesurveyswereconductedtocollectandanalyze1)backgroundofpatient;2)settingofinjuryandclinicalsignsatpresentation;3)treatmentprocedureandoutcome;4)qualityoflifeafterinjury.RESULTS:Thereweremoremalepatients(77.03%)thanfemales(22.97%),moretemporaryhabitants(79.05%)thanresidents(20.95%).ThesubjectsinthisstudypresentedasignificantlylowerconstitutionalstatusofeducationthanthatofthewholeShanghaipopulation(P<0.001).Occupationalinjurywasthefirstcauseofinjuries(39.86%),followedbyhomeaccident(20.27%),roadaccident(16.89%),violentbehavior(16.89%)andoutdoorinjury(6.08%).The143subjects(96.62%)werenotwearingspectaclesatthetimeofinjury.Ofallpatients,77subjects(52.03%)hadtheoutcomeofnovision(includingenucleation).Theclassificationandregressiontree(CART)prognosispresents59.58%sensitivitytopredictvisualsurvivalcorrectlyand80.19%specificitytopredictnovisioncorrectly.Thepatientswhoseinjuredeyehadnovisionreportedmorereductionoflifequality.CONCLUSION:Wefoundthatmalesubject,temporaryhabitants,loweducationalstatusandnoeyewearareriskfactorsofopenglobeinjuryinShanghai.Occupationalinjuryistheleadingcause.CARTanalysispresentsacertainagreementtotheactualvisualoutcome.Theinjuryimposesnegativeimpactonqualityoflifeespeciallyinnovisioncases.Theeducationofeyeprotectionmayhelptoavoidtheinjury.

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简介：Themechanismofcesiumexchangeonpotassiumtitaniumhexacyanoferrate(KTiFC)isdescribedinthispaper.Thedependenceoftheexchangerateontemperature,particlegranulesize,andshakingfrequencyisstudied.Theresultsshowthationexchangeprocessiscontrolledbyliquidfilmdiffusioningranuleparticle.AnexchangereactionoccursmainlybetweenK^+intheexchangerandCs^+inthesolution.