简介：BACKGROUND:Ithasbeensuggestedthatmelatonin(MT)canprotectsecondaryneuronalinjury.However,theprotectiveeffectofMTonneuronalinjuryinischemia/reperfusionmodelsinvitrostillhasnotbeenproved.OBJECTIVE:ToinvestigatetheprotectiveeffectofMToncentralischemicinjuryofnervecellsandanalyzeitspossiblemechanism.DESIGN:Contrastobservationalstudy.SETTING:DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,TongjiMedicalCollege,HuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnology.MATERIALS:Ratsaged7-8daysandweighing10-12gwereprovidedbyMedicalExperimentalAnimalCenter,TongjiMedicalCollege,HuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,MTwasprovidedbySigmaCompany,USA.METHODS:TheexperimentwascarriedoutintheLaboratoryofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,TongjiHospital,HuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyfromOctober2002toMarch2004.TheeffectsofMTontheneurodegenerationinducedbyoxygen-glucose-deprivation(OGD)weretestedinculturedratcerebellargranulecells.NeurondamagewasquantitativelyassessedbyTypanBlueexclusionandMTTassayatdifferenttimepointsafteroxygen-glucose-deprivation(90minutes).DNAgelelectrophoresisandacridineorangestainwereperformedtodeterminethenatureofcelldamage.Andfluorescencespectrophotometerwasusedforquantificationofintracellularmalondialdehyde(MDA)atvarioustimeintervals.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Correlationbetweendegreesofneuronalinjuryandreperfusiontimes,apoptosis,andproductionofMDAincells.RESULTS:①Theneuroninjurywasaggravatedwithreperfusiontime.②TheprotectiveeffectofMTwastime-anddose-dependentwhenitsconcentrationwasnothigherthan10μmol/L.⑧WhenneuronswereexposedtoOGDfor90minutes.partofthecellsexhibitedtypicalfeaturesofapoptosis:internucleosomalDNAcondensationandDNAladderonagarosegelelectrophoresis.MTaddedtocellsrecoveringfromOGDexertedneuroprotectiveactionagainstOGD-inducedapoptosis.④InOGDexposedculture

简介：AbstractObjective:Fragment injury is a type of blast injury that is becoming more and more common in military campaigns and terrorist attacks. Numerical simulation methods investigating the formation of natural fragments and injuries to biological targets are expected to be developed.Methods:A cylindrical warhead model was established and the formation process of natural fragments was simulated using the approach of tied nodes with failure through the explicit finite element (FE) software of LS-DYNA. The interaction between the detonation product and the warhead shell was simulated using the fluid-structure interaction algorithm. A method to simulate the injury of natural fragments to a biological target was presented by transforming Lagrange elements into smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) particles after the natural fragments were successfully formed. A computational model of the human thorax was established to simulate the injury induced by natural fragments by the node-to-surface contact algorithm with erosion.Results:The discontinuous velocities of the warhead shell at different locations resulted in the formation of natural fragments with different sizes. The velocities of natural fragments increased rapidly at the initial stage and slowly after the warhead shell fractured. The initial velocities of natural fragments at the central part of the warhead shell were the largest, whereas those at both ends of the warhead shell were the smallest. The natural fragments resulted in bullet holes that were of the same shape as that of the fragments but slightly larger in size than the fragments in the human thorax after they penetrated through. Stress waves propagated in the ribs and enhanced the injury to soft tissues; additionally, ballistic pressure waves ahead of the natural fragments were also an injury factor to the soft tissues.Conclusion:The proposed method is effective in simulating the formation of natural fragments and their injury to biological targets. Moreover, this method will be beneficial for simulating the combined injuries of natural fragments and shock waves to biological targets.

简介：Brachialplexusinjuryisfrequentlyinducedbyinjuries,accidentsorbirthtrauma.Upperlimbfunctionmaybepartiallyortotallylostafterinjury,orleftpermanentlydisabled.Withthedevelopmentofvariousmedicaltechnologies,differenttypesofinterventionsareused,buttheireffectivenessiswideranging.Manyrepairmethodshavephasiccharacteristics,i.e.,repairsaredoneindifferentphases.Thisstudyexploredresearchprogressandhottopicmethodsforprotectionafterbrachialplexusinjury,byanalyzing1,797articlesconcerningtherepairofbrachialplexusinjuries,publishedbetween2004and2013andindexedbytheScienceCitationIndexdatabase.Resultsrevealedthattherearemanymethodsusedtorepairbrachialplexusinjury,andtheireffectsarevaried.Interventionmethodsincludenervetransfersurgery,electricalstimulation,celltransplantation,neurotrophicfactortherapyanddrugtreatment.Therapeuticmethodsinthisfieldchangeaccordingtothehottopicofresearch.

简介：Directexposuretointensivevisiblelightcanleadtosolarretinopathy,includingmacularinjury.Thesignsandsymptomsincludecentralscotoma,metamorphopsia,anddecreasedvision.However,therehavebeenfewstudiesexaminingretinalinjuryduetointensivelightstimulationatthecellularlevel.Neuralnetworkarrangementsandgeneexpressionpatternsinzebrafishphotoreceptorsaresimilartothoseobservedinhumans,andphotoreceptorinjuryinzebrafishcaninducestemcell-basedcellularregeneration.Therefore,thezebrafishretinaisconsideredausefulmodelforstudyingphotoreceptorinjuryinhumans.Inthecurrentstudy,thecentralretinalphotoreceptorsofzebrafishwereselectivelyablatedbystimulationwithhigh-intensitylight.Retinalinjury,cellproliferationandregenerationofconesandrodswereassessedat1,3and7dayspostlesionwithimmunohistochemistryandinsituhybridization.Additionally,alight/darkboxtestwasusedtoassesszebrafishbehavior.Theresultsrevealedthatphotoreceptorswereregeneratedby7daysafterthelight-inducedinjury.However,theregeneratedcellsshowedadisruptedarrangementatthelesionsite.Duringtheinjury-regenerationprocess,thezebrafishexhibitedreducedlocomotorcapacity,weakenedphototaxisandincreasedmovementangularvelocity.Thesebehaviorsmatchedthemorphologicalchangesofretinalinjuryandregenerationinanumberofways.Thisstudydemonstratesthatthezebrafishretinahasarobustcapacityforregeneration.Visualimpairmentandstressresponsesfollowinghigh-intensitylightstimulationappeartocontributetothealterationofbehaviors.

简介：Edaravonehasbeenshowntoreduceischemia/reperfusion-inducedperipheralnerveinjury.However,thetherapeuticeffectofedaravoneonperipheralnerveinjurycausedbymechanicalfactorsisunknown.Inthepresentstudy,weestablishedaperipheralnerveinjurymodelbycrushingthesciaticnerveusinghemostaticforceps,andthenadministerededaravone3mg/kgintraperitoneally.Thesciaticfunctionalindexandsuperoxidedismutaseactivityofthesciaticnervewereincreased,andthemalondialdehydelevelwasdecreasedinanimalsintheedaravonegroupcomparedwiththoseinthemodelgroup.Bcl-2expressionwasincreased,butBaxexpressionwasdecreasedinanteriorhorncellsoftheL4–6spinalcordsegments.Theseresultsindicatedthatedaravonehasaneuroprotectiveeffectfollowingperipheralnerveinjurycausedbymechanicalfactorsthroughalleviatingfreeradicaldamagetocellsandinhibitinglipidperoxidation,aswellasregulatingapoptosis-relatedproteinexpression.

简介：Objective:　ToinvestigatethevalueoftranscranialDoppler(TCD)ultrasonographyinevaluatingtheoutcomeofseveretraumaticbraininjuryandtocorrelatetheTCDvalueswithintracranialpressure(ICP)andcerebralperfusionpressure(CPP)monitoring.　　Methods:　AprospectivestudywasconductedtoevaluatethecontributionofTCDultrasonographytoneurologicaloutcomeinaseriesof96severetraumaticbraininjurypatients.ThequantitativevariablesofTCDultrasonographyincludedthemeanbloodflowvelocityofthemiddlecerebralartery(MCA)andpulsatilityindexwithinthefirst24hoursofadmission.TheICPandCPPvalueswerealsorecorded.Outcomein6monthspostinjurywasevaluatedusingtheGlasgowOutcomeScale(GOS4-5wasconsideredas“good”andGOS1-3as“poor”).　　Results:　ThemeanbloodflowvelocityoftheMCAwaslargerthan40cm/sin30(51%)patientswithgoodoutcomewhereasitwaslessthan40cm/sin27(73%)patientswithpooroutcome(P<0.025).ThemeanPIincasesofgoodoutcome(34patients,57%)waslowerthan1.5whereasinpooroutcome(30patients,83%)washigherthan1.5(P<0.001).ThecorrelationsofICPandCPPtopulsatilityindexwerestatisticallysignificant(P<0.01).　　Conclusions:　TCDultrasonographyisvalidinpredictingthepatientsoutcomeof6monthsandcorrelatessignificantlywithICPandCPPvalueswhenitisperformedinthefirst24hoursofseveretraumaticbraininjury.

简介：Severeacutepancreatitis(SAP)cancausesystematicinflammatoryresponsesyndrome(SIRS),whichleadstoinjuryorfailureoftheinternalorgansandsystems.1Amongthem,acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome(ARDS)isasevereorfatalcomplication.Inthisarticle,theearlypreventivetreatmentforSAPcombinedwithlunginjureisstudied.

简介：观察针灸结合行为医学疗法治疗重复使力损伤(RS1)的疗效。选择重复使力损伤(RS1)患者150例，随机分为针灸结合行为医学疗法治疗组90例，针灸对照组60例，对患者治疗前后疼痛程度、功能状态、疗程、愈后复发率进行统计分析及综合疗效评定。针灸结合行为医学疗法治疗组与单纯针灸治疗组在疗程与愈后复发率的差异均有非常显著性意义(P<0．01)。在针灸的基础上结合行为医学疗法治疗，纠正患者不良的行为习惯，对治疗重复使力损伤有很好的疗效。

简介：Objective:Tostudytheclinicaltherapeuticeffectofanisodamineonrespiratoryfunctionafterseverebraininjury.Methods:Ninetypatientswithrespiratorydysfunctionfollowingseverebraininjuryweredividedintotwogroups:atreatmentgroup(n=45,treatedwithroutinetherapyplusanisodamine)andacontrolgroup(n=45,treatedwithroutinetherapyonly).Thepulmonaryventilationfunctionandoxygenationfunctionwerecomparedbetweenthetwogroups.Results:Inthetreatmentgroup,12hoursaftertreatmenttherespiratoryratereduced,thepartialpressureofcarbondioxide(PCO2),thepartialpressureofoxygeninarterialblood(PaO2)andoxygenationexponentincreased,thedeadspaceventilationdoseandthepulmonaryalveolus-partialpressureofarterialoxygendifferencedecreased,andtheventilationfunctionoftherespiratorytractandpulmonaryoxygenationfunctionimproved.Therewasasignificantdifferencebetweenthetwogroups(P<0.01).Noside-effectwasfoundexceptaslightincreaseofintracranialpressureandheartrate.Conclusions:Anisodaminecanimprovepulmonaryventilationfunctionandoxygenationfunctionanddecreasetheincidenceofhypoxemiamarkedly.Itiseffectiveintreatingrespiratorydysfunctionafterseverebraininjury.

简介：Spinalcordinjury(SCI)isadebilitatingconditionthataffectsmorethan2.5millionindividualsworldwide(Thuretetal.,2006).Inadditiontoitsdevastatingeffectsontheindividual,thisdiseaseisaheavyburdentothesocietyintermsofhealth

简介：钝肾的损伤的管理一直在演变。过去的管理主要基于分级系统的损伤(AAST)的外科的美国协会，即要求了计算断层摄影术(CT)扫描。尽管CT扫描使用正在增加并且变得调查的标准化模式，分级的AAST不再在外科的干预的决定起唯一的作用。保守方法成功地管理的钝肾的损伤的二份案例报告被介绍。当与一顶头盔和完整的保护的设备在20km/h骑一辆机器脚踏车时，大小写一是有下降的1820岁的男孩。他被他的左胁腹打到岩石上。对比揭示的腹的CT4厘米，等级III脾的眼泪和等级IV与大perirenalhaematoma离开了肾损害。他的国际严厉分数(ISS)是34。他与床休息和监视的经常的浆液血色素保存地被管理。有推迟的对比的随后的CT与与等级IV肾的损害一致的尿溢出揭示了稳定的perirenalhaematoma。当他意指时，大小写二是在一条跑道上有一个马达自行车事故的4020岁的男性80～100km/h，穿一顶头盔。他失去了控制并且撞击了到跑道的sidewall上。对比揭示的腹的CT有大尿溢出的等级IV左肾的损害。他的肾的损害与间隔保存地被管理腹部的推迟的阶段CT。腹部上的重复CT被执行在没揭示剩余urinoma的起始的损害以后的五个月。在这学习，而且，到钝肾的损伤的管理的文学的评论被进行表明增加如此的损伤的保守管理的趋势。额外的放射学的参数可以指导未来决策。然而，数据的适用性可以被限制直到使随机化的试用是可得到的。

简介：AbstractPurpose:To establish a severe blast lung injury model of goats and investigate the feasibility of lung ultrasonic score in the evaluation of blast lung injury.Methods:Twenty female healthy goats were randomly divided into three groups by different driving pressures: 4.0 MPa group (n = 4), 4.5 MPa group (n = 12) and 5.0 MPa group (n = 4). The severe blast lung injury model of goats was established using a BST-I bio-shock tube. Vital signs (respiration, heart rate and blood pressure), lung ultrasound score (LUS), PO2/FiO2 and extravascular lung water (EVLW) were measured before injury (0 h) and at 0.5 h, 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h after injury. Computed tomography scan was performed before injury (0 h) and at 12 h after injury for dynamic monitoring of blast lung injury and measurement of lung volume. The correlation of LUS with PaO2/FiO2, EVLW, and lung injury ratio (lesion volume/total lung volume*100%) was analyzed. All animals were sacrificed at 12 h after injury for gross observation of lung injury and histopathological examination. Statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS 22.0 software. The measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The means of two samples were compared using independent-sample t-test. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted.Results:(1) At 12 h after injury, the mortality of goats was 0, 41.67% and 100% in the 4.0 Mpa, 4.5 MPa and 5.0 MPa groups, respectively; the area of pulmonary hemorrhage was 20.00% ± 13.14% in the 4.0 Mpa group and 42.14% ± 15.33% in the 4.5 MPa group. A severe lung shock injury model was established under the driving pressure of 4.5 MPa. (2) The respiratory rate, heart rate, LUS and EVLW were significantly increased, while PaO2/FiO2 was significantly reduced immediately after injury, and then they gradually recovered and became stabilized at 3 h after injury. (3) LUS was positively correlated with EVLW (3 h: r = 0.597, 6 h: r = 0.698, 9 h: r = 0.729; p < 0.05) and lung injury ratio (12 h: r= 0.884, p < 0.05), negatively correlated with PaO2/FiO2 (3 h: r =－0.871, 6 h: r =－0.637, 9 h: r =－0.658; p < 0.05).Conclusion:We established a severe blast lung injury model of goats using the BST-I bio-shock tube under the driving pressure of 4.5 MPa and confirmed that ultrasound can be used for quick evaluation and dynamic monitoring of blast lung injury.

简介：Objective:Tostudytheepidemiologicfeaturesofhighwaytrafficaccidentsbyanalyzingtheclinicaldataofthepatientsdiedofheadinjury.Methods:Thereaturesofthecases'age,occupation,statusofheadinjuryandcomplications.andtherescueprocedureswereretrospectivelyanalyzedbasedonthedataof214patientsdiedofheadinjury.Results:Themainvictimewereadults(78%)andpeasants(52.8%).Andtheostcommonheadinjurieswereseverecerebralcontusionwithintracranialhematomas(73.4%).Themeanarrivaltimefromtheaccidentspotstohospitalswas(2.2±1.9)h.Andthemeanintervaltimebetweenthearrivalandoperationwas(1.9±0.9)h.Primaryandsecondarybrainstemdamagewerethemaincausesofearlydeath.Yetpulmonaryinfectionandmultipleorgansfailurewerethecommonreasonsforlatedeath.Conclusions:Enhancingthepropagandafortrafficregulations,establishingperfectpre-hospitalandin-hospitalEMS(emergencymedicalservice)system,catchingtheopportunityofoperation,andpreventingcomplicationsareessentialtoreducethemortalityoftrafficaccidentsinducedheadtrauma.

简介：AbstractPenetrating head injury is rare, and thus management of such injuries is non-standard. Early diagnosis and intraoperative comprehensive exploration are necessary considering the complexity and severity of the trauma. However, because of the lack of microsurgical techniques in local hospitals, the possible retained foreign bodies and other postoperative complications such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak usually require a rational design for a secondary operation to deal with. We present a case of a 15-yearold boy who was stabbed with a bamboo stick in his left eye. The chopsticks passed through the orbit roof and penetrated the skull base. In subsequent days, the patient sustained CSF leak and intracranial infection after an unsatisfied primary treatment in the local hospital and had to request a secondary operation in our department. Computed tomography including plain scan, three dimension reconstruction and computed tomographic angiography are used to determine the course and extent of head injury. A frontal craniotomy was performed. Three pieces of stick were found residual and removed with the comminuted orbit bone fragments. A pedicled temporalis muscle fascia graft was applied to repair the frontier skull base and a free temporalis muscle flap to seal the frontal sinus defect. Aggressive broadspectrum antibiotics of vancomycin and meropenem were administrated for persistent fever after operation. CSF external drainage system continued for 12 days, and was removed 10 days after temperature returned to normal. The Glasgow coma scale score was improved to 15 at postoperative day 7 and the patient was discharged at day 22 uneventfully. We believe that appropriate preoperative surgical plan and thorough surgical exploration by microsurgery is essential for attaining a favorable outcome, especially in secondary operation. Good postoperative recovery depends on successfully management before and after operation for possible complications as well.

简介：Inthispaperanewsignaturescheme,calledPolicy-EndorsingAttribute-BasedSignature,isdevelopedtocorrespondwiththeexistingCiphertext-PolicyAttribute-BasedEncryption.Thissignatureprovidesapolicy-and-endorsementmechanism.Inthismechanismasingleuser,whoseattributessatisfythepredicate,endorsesthemessage.Thissignatureallowsthesignertoannouncehisendorsementusinganaccesspolicywithouthavingtorevealtheidentityofthesigner.Thesecurityofthissignature,selflessanonymityandexistentialunforgeability,isbasedontheStrongDiffie-HellmanassumptionandtheDecisionLinearassumptioninbilinearmapgroups.

简介：Inthebeginningissueof2016,China'srefractoriesinvitedDr.ValeriyMartynenko,thedirectorofUkrainianResearchInstituteofRefractoriesnamedafterA.S.Berezhnoytobetheexecutiveeditor-in-chief.Itisarealinternationalissue.EightpapershavebeenpresentedbyresearchersfromUkraine,Canada,CzechRepublic,Brazil,IsraelandRussia.Twopapers

简介：Wehaveanalyzedtheorder-disorderingvarianceduetoresonanceeffectandthenonlinearbehavioroffarinfraredraylaser(FIRL)-biologicalsysteminteraction.TheanalyticresultsshowthattheinteractionbetweenthelivingbiologicalsystemandFIRLcanproduceresonanceexcitationeffect,andsotheoriginalhighorderedstateofthesystemcanbedestroyedandthustheconformationvariationinthesystemcanbeproducedunderfurtheractionofthelaser.Inaddition,wehaveanalyzedthenonlinearpropertiesoftheFIRLbio-moleculeinteractionandexplainedthemutagenesiseffectsofFIRL.ThetheoreticanalysisisconsistentwiththeresultsofFIRLmutagenesisbreedingtest.

简介：Thecombinationofelectroencephalogram(EEG)andfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)isaveryattractiveaiminneuroscienceinordertoachievebothhightemporalandspatialresolutionforthenon-invasivestudyofcognitivebrainfunction.Inthispaper,werecordsimultaneousEEG-fMRIofthesamesubjectinemotionalprocessingexperimentinordertoexplorethecharacteristicsofdifferentemotionalpictureprocessing,andtrytofindthedifferenceofthesubjects’brainhemispherewhileviewingdifferentvalenceemotionalpictures.Thelatepositivepotential(LPP)isareliableelectrophysiologicalindexofemotionalperceptioninhumans.Accordingtotheanalysisresults,theslow-waveLPPandvisualcorticalbloodoxygenlevel-dependent(BOLD)signalsarebothmodulatedbytheratedintensityofpicturearousal.TheamplitudeoftheLPPcorrelatesignificantlywithBOLDintensityinvisualcortex,amygdala,temporalarea,prefrontalandcentralareasacrosspicturecontents.

简介：　　1Introduction　　Itiscommoninmobilebeltsthatupliftingmountainsareneighboredbysynchronouslysubsidingbasins.Thecouplingmechanismofsuchsubsidenceandupliftisanimportanttargettoclarifythedynamicsofmobilebelts.WeinvestigatethecoupledmountainupliftandbasinsubsidenceintheCentralJapanhighland,thejunctionofthreeislandarcs(theNortheastJapan,theSouthwestJapanandtheIzu-Ogasawaraarcs).Thehighlandover3000minheightiscomposedofmountainranges,plateausandintramountainbasins(Fig.1).……

简介：both central and local government have unclear definition in rural public goods supply and disturbance of rural public goods supplier,so the well-done rural public goods supply is a key point to rural development and new socialism countryside. But now there are still many questions in the rural public goods supply,regional and local rural public goods. National rural public goods’ profit covers the whole nation and should be offered by the central government