简介：更好在土壤上理解森林继任的效果微生物引起的活动，土壤的比较微生物引起的性质和营养素在代表自然森林继任chronosequence的三种森林类型之间被进行。学习比较了松(Pinusmassoniana)森林(P松和阔叶烟草混合了的F),森林(MF)并且一常绿树阔叶烟草森林(BYingzuijie生物圈储备地的F),，湖南省，中国。结果显示出那土壤在MF和BF阴谋比在PF阴谋。在微生物引起的生物资源碳的范围与B有最大的价值的F，5221022?mg?kg1,由MF368569?mg?kg1,并且最后，PF193449?mg?kg1。土壤营养素更强烈比基础呼吸或新陈代谢的商与微生物引起的生物资源碳被相关。总的来说，在学习地点的森林继任改善了玷污微生物引起的性质并且玷污富饶，它能接着增加主要生产率和碳隐遁。

简介：Soilmicrobesmaybecriticalplayersindeterminingtheallelopathicpotentialofsomeplants.LowlevelsofplantcommunitybiodiversityinEucalyptusplantationshavebeenattributedtotheallelopathicpotentialofthesetreespecies.TheroleofsoilmicrobesintheallelopathiceffectofleafleachatesofthehybridtreeEucalyptusgrandis9E.urophylla,wastestedinPetridishassayswithBrassicachinensisasareceiverplant.Soilswerecollectedfromeitheralocalgarden(soilA)oraEucalyptusplantation(soilB)andhalfofeachsoilwassterilizedtoremovemicrobes.ThesesoilswerethentreatedwithE.grandis9E.urophyllaleachatesfor0-72h.SeedgerminationofB.chinensiswassignificantlyinhibitedinsoilstreatedwithleafleachatesrelativetountreatedsoils.Theinhibitoryeffectoftheleafleachateswasmorepronouncedinsterilizedsoils.Totalphenoliccontentwasobviouslowerinnonsterileleachatetreatedsoilsthaninsterilesoils.BiomassofB.chinensiswasnegativelycorrelatedwiththetotalphenoliccontentinsoils.OurfindingssuggestthatsoilmicrobescanalleviatetheallelopathicpotentialofEucalyptusandtherebyitsnegativeimpactonplantgrowth.

简介：Miningactivitiesleaverawandpartlyartificialsoilsondumpsandtips.Apriorobjectiveoflandreclamationinsuchareasistorestoreandcultivatenewsoilswhichwillfulfiltheirfunctionsasahabitatforplantsandanimalsandasaregulatorinthecyclingofmatterandwaterinthelandscapeaswellasaproductionsiteforagricultureorforestry.Thispapergivesanoverviewonmajorchallengesandprinciplesofsoilreclamationforagricultureandforestry,reportingsomeresultsofresearch...

简介：我们在奇塔贡·希尔道在Khagarachari山区域的Aatmile从二个代表性的地点收集了土壤样品。这些地点之一在转移耕作和其它下面是邻近的13年的旧柚木种植园。两个地点在有寓言土壤的地文学的状况和一样的方面打的一样，它使我们能测量在土壤上转移耕作的效果微植物群。我们学习了土壤物理化学的性质和土壤微生物的生物化学、生物的性质。象真菌和细菌的人口一样的潮湿和有机物内容，两个在表面和表面下的土壤，显著地(p0.001)在不在转移耕作下面与土壤相比转移栽培土壤更低，即柚木种植园地点。在表面(010厘米)的最丰富的细菌并且表面下(1020厘米)分别地，当时，在转移耕作下面的土壤是Pseudomonasdiminuta和Shigella在柚木种植园的相应土壤层，占优势的微生物是杆菌firmus(010厘米)和Xanthomonas(1020厘米)。因为，微生物引起的人口差别不能被土壤质地差别解释组织上从二个地点的土壤的类似但是能在在转移耕作下面的土壤与显著地更低的潮湿和有机物内容有关。

简介：Thesubtropicalmixedbroad-leavedandconiferousforest,atypicalsuccessionalmonsoonforest,isoneofthemajorforestsinthesubtropicsofChina.Therefore,itisveryimportanttoestimatethefluxesofthegreenhousegasesfromtheforestsoilinordertoevaluatetheimpactofsubtropicalforestsonthegreenhousegasemissionsorabsorptions.Thisstudyinvestigatedthediurnalvariationsoffluxesofthreegreenhousegases(CO2,CH4,andN2O)fromamixedbroad-leavedandconiferousforestsoil.Astaticchamber-gaschromatographtechniquewasusedtomeasurethefluxesofthreegreenhousegases.Byusingtheimprovedgaschromatographysamplingsystem,thefluxeswereanalyzedwithasingleinjection.Inordertofindouttheeffectsoflitterandseedlingontheemissionsorabsorptionsofthesegreenhousegases,threetreatmentsweresetinthefleld:(1)baresoilsurface(litterwasremovedpreviously);(3)litter+soil;(3)seedling+litter+soil.TheexperimentalresultsdemonstratedthattheforestsoilwasasourceofCO2,N2OandaweaksinkofCH4.ThedailyfluxesofCO2,CH4,andN2Ofromthesoilsurfacewereintherangeof488.99～700.57,0.049～0.108and-0.025～-0.053mg/(m^2·h),respectively.CO2fromthelitterdecompositionaccountedforabout1/3ofthetotalCO2emissionfromthesoilsurface,whilethelitterandseedlinghadnosignificanteffectonthefluxesofCH4andN2O.ThefluxesofCO2andN2Omeasuredat9:00-11:00a.m.weresignificantlydifferentfromtheirdailyaverages.Therefore,cautionmustbetakeniftheCO2andN2Ofluxesmeasuredwithin9:00-11:00a.m.areusedforextrapolation.

简介：本文研究了长江三峡花岗岩地区林地土壤流失特性．结果表明由鳞片状面蚀导致的土壤流失量月分布与月降雨量的分布趋势基本一致，二者呈现出较为明显的线性相关关系．植物盖度≥０．７０的林地土壤流失多集中发生在６～９月份，土壤流失量在５０００ｔ·ｋｍ－２·ａ－１以下．盖度＜０．７的林地土壤流失年内分布时间多在３～１０月份，土壤流失量为５００～６０００ｔ·ｋｍ－２·ａ－１．

简介：器官的碳(C)，全部的氮(N)，可得到的钾(K)，钙(Ca)和在三不同深度的磷(P)的地位(0-5厘米，5—15厘米和15-30厘米)在在奇塔贡·希尔的Mro部落栽培的橘子果园的35%和55%的twohill斜坡上，道(CHT)被评估并且与那些相比在降级的灌木丛森林里，通过在每陆地使用挖threeprofiles。所有五营养素的内容被发现比在森林的土壤在soilof橘子果园更高。但是变化不为两theslopes是一致的。内容改变了深度明智另外，在boththe土地的情况下在表面土壤有最高的价值在两个上使用斜坡。一个吝啬的可得到的K内容比在55%斜坡上的森林里在orangeorchard是显著地更高的，当它在35%斜坡上是更低的时。表面土壤与0.2905-mg·g~的数量包含了K和Ca的thenutrients(-1)土壤和3.025-mg·g~(-1)soilrespectively在果园，当时0.1934-mg·g~(-1)土壤和1.6083-mg·g~(-1)土壤wererespectively在森林里。器官的碳和全部的氮在两个上被发现insurface土壤差不多类似显示出细微差别的陆地使用。可得到的P仅仅在orangeorchard被发现，并且在森林里，它是在数量太小由分光光度计检测。degradedforests由于土壤侵蚀的高率在滋养的内容是差的，它将是可能的tobe由在由在那里的橘子果园的改编证明了的树盖子下面带它改善了。

简介：火影响物理、化学的性质和土壤自然生态系统的生物活动。这研究在唐米燕区域被进行，在西方的伊朗的Ilam省。学习地点是110公顷，在我们在被火严厉分类的区域取样了土壤的地方：低(LS)，高度(HS)和中等严厉(MS)，并且未燃(UB)，它用作控制。在每个严厉班上，25个横断点随机为测量被选择。在每个横断阴谋中心附近，3件土壤样品随机被选择，土壤收集了从0～20?厘米深度被合为在实验室分析被使用在那个点代表条件的一件合成样品。在UB和LS火类上的阴谋有类似的土壤条件并且有象浸透的潮湿，器官的碳，二氧化碳，和淤泥和泥土内容那样的因素的更高的值。相反，在HS和MS火严厉班上的阴谋沿着在土壤酸味，电的传导性，阳离子交换能力，可存取的磷，可存取的钾，体积密度，和沙代表了坡度的第一轴在积极方向被聚类。土壤属性在HS和MS火严厉班的区域是类似的，而在LS班和UB控制上的土壤条件是很类似的。在LS区域任何一个的火显著地没改变物理化学药品的土壤性质和微生物引起的基础呼吸，否则土壤能在被烧以后快速恢复。

简介：Thecalcareousfluvo-aquicsoilwascollectedandamicrocosmstudywascarriedoutwithroot-matandfrozenslicingmethodinlaboratory.ThepHintheroot-soilinterfacewiththecontroltreatmentwasjustslightlylowerthaninthebulksoil.However,theadditionofNH4--NsignificantlydecreasedthepHvalueintheroot-soilinterfaceandtheadditionofNo3-NslightlyincreasedthepHvalueintheroot-soilinterface.ThemagnitudeofpHchangesintheroot-soilinterfacedependedupontheconcentrationsofthenitrogensourcesadded.ThecontentsofCa2-P,Fe-PandAl-Pintheroot-soilinterfaceweremuchloweraftertreatedwithNH4-NandslightlyhigheraftertreatedwithNo3-Ncomparedwithcontroltreatment.Aftertreatedwith100,200and400mg·kg-1NH4+-N,thedeficiencyratesofCa2-Pinthearea0-1mmfromtherootplanewere37.1%,45.9%and57.7%,respectively,thedeficiencyratesofFe-Pwere23.4%,29.1%and38.2%,respectively,andthedeficiencyratesofAl-Pwere25.1%,28.0%and33.2%,respectively.ComparedwiththecontrolthedeficiencyratesofCa8-PinNH4+-NandNo3-Ntreatmentsdecreasedandincreased,respectively,butthedifferenceswerenotobvious.ThecontentsofCa10-PandO-Pintheroot-soilinterfacedidnotsignificantlychangeaftertreatedwithNH4+-NorNo3-N,suggestingthatCa10-PandO-PwereremarkablydifficulttobemobilizedevenatthepresenceofhighconcentrationofNH4+-N.TheloweredpHintheroot-soilinterfaceinducedbytheadditionoftheNH4-Npromotedthetransformationofphosphatesintheroot-soilinterface,enhancedthemobilizationandbioavailabilityofphosphates,andtherebyremarkablyincreasedtheabsorptionofphosphorusbyroots.

简介：在P下面在P缺乏的allophanic土壤在磷(P)部分变化。在壶用扫帚(CytisusscopariusL.)和毒麦(Loliummultiflorum)种的radiata幼苗被学习在以在根围决定导出施肥料的P的命运的·g−1,玷污的0，50，和100μg的率的三倍的过磷酸钙的申请以后的14个月。Pfertiliser的申请增加了NaOH-Pi,NaOH-Po,和H2那么4-P在土壤的i集中，但是减少residual-P集中。resin-Pi集中，在这土壤极其低，1～3μg·g−1),仍然是一样。增加的fertiliserP的多数然而在NaOH-Pi部分(40%49%)。这由于在这土壤(92%)的高P固定。第二最高的P恢复在NaOH-Po部分(7%19%)。在以0μg·g−1,的率的P缺乏的状况或增加下面NaOH-P在radiata根围土壤的i集中在体积土壤和草根围土壤是比那低的。这可能在释放了一些在根围修理到土壤的P的P缺乏的条件下面由于由根和mycorrhiza的更高的盐生产，它需要在未来研究被测试。

简介：Inthisresearch,fiveNitrariasibiricaprovenancessuchasDayiluwereselectedtodoexperimentofsalt-resistance,combiningfixedplotstestwithtypicalplotinvestigation,measuringsurvivalrateandgrowthasmainindicators.TheexperimentsofmainculturaltechnologyweredoneonNitrariasibiricain4typesofsitepreparation,3typesofplanting,3designsforplantingdensity.TheNitrariasibiricaexperimentsfortheeffectsofcurbingsaltandimprovingsoilweredonebytestingsoilnutrients,saltcontent,soilphysicalpropertiesasfocalpointsintypicalsiteof3-4yearswoods.TheexperimentresultsshowedthattheNitrariasibiricacouldsurvivewellwithsoilsaltcontentof0.6%,andthatsurvivalratedeclineddistinctivelyassoilsaltcontentexceeded0.8%.However,highsoilsaltcontentdidnotinfluencegrowthintheyearofplanting.Therewereobviousdifferencesinsalt-toleranceamongNitrariasibiricaprovenances;Dayiluwasthebestonsalt-tolerance,theother4provenanceshadnodifferences,andobviouslyinferiortoDayilu.Thedifferenttypesofsitepreparationclearlyinfluencedplantingsurvivalrate,conservingrateandgrowth.Themethodoftwo-ploughing-two-harrowingwasthebestamongall4typesofsitepreparation.Seedforestationwaslargelylimited,bared-rootedseedlingforestationmaybepopularisedwhensoilsaltcontentwaslessthan1%andsoilmoisturecontentwasbetterinspring.Forestationwithcontainerseedlingwassuitedtocoastalsalinesoilinrainyseason.TheoptimumplantingdensityofNitrariasibiricawas2505/haintheYellowRiverDeltaareainviewofcoveragerate,yieldoffruitsandcostofplanting.Generallyspeaking,Nitrariasibiricacouldeffectivelyrefrainsoilfromaccumulationofsaltinthesurfacesoil,decreasesaltcontentandincreasesoilnutrient,andheightensoilcapillaryporerate.

简介：Settingmonitoringtransectinthemiddleandshallowwaterarea(altitude156-172m)inThreeGorgesreservoirhydro-fluctuationbelttoresearchthechangingcharacteristicsofthecontentsofN,P,K,pHandorganicmatterofthesoilwhichexperiencedtheinfluenceoffluctuationthefirsttime.Theresultsshowedthatbytheinfluenceofwaterlevelfluctuating,contentsofsoilN,P,K,pHandorganicmatterhadreducedindifferentsoillayersinhydro-fluctuationbelt.TheavailableNdecreasedby41.53%-59.87%,availablePdecreasedby5.26%-36.76%,availableKdecreasedby3.55%-45.56%,totalNdecreasedby9.52%-40.00%,totalPhadnochangegenerally,totalKhaddecreasedalittle,contentoforganicmaterialdecreasedby7.62%-37.83%%,pHvalueturnedtoneutral,changedby1.73%-9.58%.

简介：

简介：Elevatedatmosphericnitrogen(N)depositionhasbeendetectedinmanyregionsofChina,butitseffectsonsoilNtransformationintemperateforestecosystemsarenotwellknown.WethereforesimulatedNdepositionwithfourlevelsofNadditionrate(N0,N30,N60,andN120)for6yearsinanold-growthtemperateforestinXiaoxing’anMountainsinNortheasternChina.WemeasuredgrossNtransformationratesinthelaboratoryusing15NtracingtechnologytoexploretheeffectsofNdepositiononsoilgrossNtransformationstakingadvantageofNdepositionsoils.NosignificantdifferencesingrosssoilNtransformationrateswereobservedafter6yearsofNdepositionwithvariouslevelsofNadditionrate.ForallNdepositionsoils,thegrossNH4+immobilizationrateswereconsistentlylowerthanthegrossNmineralizationrates,leadingtonetNmineralization.Nitrate(NO3-)wasprimarilyproducedviaoxidationofNH4+(i.e.,autotrophicnitrification),whereasoxidationoforganicN(i.e.,heterotrophicnitrification)wasnegligible.Differencesbetweenthequantityofammonia-oxidizingbacteriaandammonia-oxidizingarchaeawerenotsignificantforanytreatment,whichlikelyexplainsthelackofasignificanteffectongrossnitrificationrates.GrossnitrificationratesweremuchhigherthanthetotalNO3-consumptionrates,resultinginabuild-upofNO3-,whichhighlightsthehighriskofNlossesviaNO3-leachingorgaseousNemissionsfromsoils.ThisresponseisoppositethatoftypicalN-limitedtemperateforestssufferingfromNdeposition,suggestingthattheinvestigatedold-growthtemperateforestecosystemislikelytoapproachNsaturation.

简介：Inthecontextofglobalcarboncyclemanagement,accurateknowledgeofcarboncontentinforestsisarelevantissueincontemporaryforestecology.Wemeasuredtheabove-groundandsoilcarbonpoolsinthedarkconiferousborealtaiga.Wecomparedmeasuredcarbonpoolstothosecalculatedfromtheforestinventoryrecordscontainingvolumestockandspeciescompositiondata.Theinventorydataheavilyunderestimatedthepoolsinthestudyarea(StolbyStateNatureReserve,centralKrasnoyarskTerritory,RussianFederation).Thecarbonpoolestimatedfromtheforestinventorydatavariedfrom25(tha-1)(low-densitystands)to73(tha-1)(highlystockedstands).Ourestimatesrangedfrom59(tha-1)(lowdensitystands)to147(tha-1)(highlystockedstands).Ourvaluesincludedlivingtrees,standingdeadwood,livingcover,brushwoodandlitter.Wefoundthattheproportionofbiomasscarbon(livingtrees):soilcarbonvariedfrom99:1to8:2forfullystockedandlow-densityforeststands,respectively.Thiscontradictsthecommonunderstandingthatthebiomassintheborealforestsrepresentsonly16–20%ofthetotalcarbonpool,withthebalancebeingthesoilcarbonpool.

简介：Apotexperimentwasconductedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofnitrogencontent[N1(nofertilizer),N2(0.15g?kg–1),andN3(0.3g?kg–1)]onthegrowthandthehydrauliccharacteristicsofpeachseedlingsunderdifferentsoilmoistureconditions(W1,W2andW3,inwhichthesoilwatercontentwas45%to55%,60%to70%,and75%to80%ofthefieldwatercapacity,respectively)byusingaspecializedhighpressureflowmeterwitharootchamberandacoupling,whichwasconnectedtoplantorgans.Leafareaandleafhydraulicconductivity(KL)increasedsignificantlyintheseedlingsbecauseofincreasedsoilmoistureandNcontent.KLincreasedwithleafarea.AlinearcorrelationwasdocumentedbetweenKLandleafarea.KLwashigherinthemorningandbegantodeclinesharplyafter16:00,atwhichKLdeclinedafteraninitialincrease.SoilmoistureandNcontentenhancedshoot(Ks)androot(Kr)hydraulicconductivities,therebyimprovingthelowsoilmoistureconditiontoalargeextent.KsandKroftheseedlingswerereducedby32%and27%respectivelyinN1,andby14.7%and9.4%,respectivelyinN2,andbothinW1,comparedwiththecontroltreatment.N3hadnosignificanteffectonKsandKrundersimilarconditions.LinearnegativecorrelationswereobservedbetweenKrandtheexcisedrootdiameteraswellasbetweenKsandtheshootstemdiameter.Theshoot-to-rootratioincreasedwithincreaseinNcontent.Theshoot-to-rootratioinN3wasincreasedby14.37%,comparedwithN1inW1aswellasby12%and4.39%inW2andW3,respectively.KnowledgeoftheeffectsofsoilmoistureandNfertilizeronhydrauliccharacteristicsandgrowthisimportant.Ourresultsprovidebasicguidelinesfortheimplementationofwater-savingirrigationandfertilizationmanagementofnurserystock.