简介:在1935,迪拉克证实在de保姆空格而是两个精力动量操作员也不他们的保守法律的物理波浪方程被给。在它在在那里的de保姆组被证明那的这篇文章是对海森堡组和组们是的这的生成器同形的一个亚群组遵守一条保守法律的精力动量操作符。
简介:Recently,therehasbeenmuchattentiondevotedtoresolvingthequantumcorrectionstotheBekenstein-Hawkingblackholeentropy.Inparticular,manyresearchershaveexpressedavestedinterestinthecoefficientofthelogarithmictermoftheblackholeentropycorrectionterm.Inthispaper,wecalculatethecorrectionvalueoftheblackholeentropybyutilizingthegeneralizeduncertaintyprincipleandobtainthecorrectiontermcaused,bythegeneralizeduncertaintyprinciple.BecauseinourcalculationwethinkthattheBekenstein-Hawkingareatheoremisstillvalidafterconsideringthegeneralizeduncertaintyprinciple,wederivethatthecoefficientofthelogarithmictermoftheblackholeentropycorrectiontermispositive.Thisresultisdifferentfromtheknownresultatpresent.Ourmethodisvalidnotonlyforfour-dimensionalspacetimesbutalsoforhigher-dimensionalspacetimes.Inthewholeprocess,thephysicsideaisclearandcalculationissimple.Itoffersanewwayforstudyingtheentropycorrectionofthecomplicatedspacetime.
简介:LetM^nbeaclosedspacelikesubmanifoldisometricallyimmersedindeSitterspaceSp^(n+p)(c),DenotebyR,HandSthenormalizedscalarcurvature,themeancurvatureandthesquareofthelengthofthesecondfundamentalformofM^n,respectively.SupposeRisconstantandR≤c.ThepinchingproblemonSisstudiedandarigiditytheoremforM^nimmersedinSp^(n+p)(c)withparallelnormalizedmeancurvaturevectorfieldisproved.Whenn≥3,thepinchingconstantisthebest.Thus,themistakeofthepaper“Space-likehypersurfacesindeSitterspacewithconstantscalarcurvature”(seeManusMath,1998,95:499-505)iscorrected.Moreover,thereductionofthecodimensionwhenM^nisacompletesubmanifoldinSp^(n+p)(c)withparallelnormalizedmeancurvaturevectorfieldisinvestigated.
简介:Thisisafollowofpreviousworkentitled"OneElectronAtominSpecialRelativitywithdeSitterSpaceTimeSymmetry"[Commun.Theor.Phys.57(2012)930].Inthispaper,weconsiderthehigherordercalculationsandcontributionsinthepreviousframeworktosolveoneelectronatomsindeSitterinvariantrelativisticquantummechanics.Thenext-to-leading-ordercalculationsin1/R2-expansionsshowthatthefine-structureconstantαisvariantwithcosmologictimegoingbyinthedeSitterinvariantspecialrelativisticquantummechanicswithstandardFRWcosmologicmodel.
简介:一个不安方法为解决非线性的Korteweg-deVries(KdV)在动态系统的上下文被介绍方程。最好的效率为很少perturbative修正被获得。它被看那,这条途径的集中的问题完全这里被保证,因为在系列包括的一小部分术语能描述一个足够的准确答案。有quintic花键的答案的比较,;有限差别被介绍。
简介:Thequicklyincreasingdatatransferloadrequiresanurgentrevolutionincurrentopticalcommunication.Orbitalangularmomentum(OAM)multiplexingisapotentialcandidatewithitsabilitytoconsiderablyenhancethecapacityofcommunication.However,thelackofacompact,efficient,andintegratedOAM(de)multiplexerpre-ventsitfrombeingwidelyapplied.Byattachingvortexgratingsontothefacetsofafew-modefiber,wedem-onstrateanintegratedfiber-basedOAM(de)multiplexer.AvortexgratingfabricatedonthefiberfacetenablesthedirectmultiplexingofOAMstatesatoneportandthedemultiplexingofOAMstatesattheotherport.Themeasuredbiterrorrateofthecarriersignalafterpropagatingthrougha5-kmfew-modefiberconfirmsthevalidityandeffectivenessoftheproposedapproach.Theschemeoffersadvantagesinfuturehigh-capacityOAMcom-municationbasedonopticalfiber.
简介:在ultracold温度的原子Bose爱因斯坦冷凝作用的试验性的实现在创造并且操作冷分子导致了快速的进展,并且它生产了量事波浪superchemistry的一个新研究领域。与古典Arrhenius法律相反,通道主导的ultracold反应能通过高度控制的磁电机光的技术被认识到。新奇的量效果在这些冷反应被识别了,例如在分裂的超级选择的规则由三个原子而成的分子,和量尺寸(容器形状)效果。在这评论,我们在这个迷人的事波浪仙境集中于许多新成就,包括在装配冷分子,在触发集体抽象反应的量噪音,和磁性的阶段的有限数字的效果和双裂缝干扰在催化激光的量转移的量混合纺纱的气体。事波浪superchemistry的实际应用也被介绍,例如经由量相片协会,和旋量或甚至chiral分子的提高激光的创造的光信息存储。
简介:Isospectralandnon-isospectralhierarchiesrelatedtoavariablecoefficientPainlev′eintegrableKorteweg-deVries(KdVforshort)equationarederived.Thehierarchiesshareaformalrecursionoperatorwhichisnotarigorousrecursionoperatorandcontainstexplicitly.Bythehereditarystrongsymmetrypropertyoftheformalrecursionoperator,theauthorsconstructtwosetsofsymmetriesandtheirLiealgebrafortheisospectralvariablecoefficientKorteweg-deVries(vcKdVforshort)hierarchy.
简介:Copperprocessorsusingsolventextraction/electrowinning(SX/EW)haveknownforyearsthateliminatingtheelectrolytebleedcouldbenefitprocesseconomicsdramaticallyUntilnow.therewasnopracticalsolutiontoeliminatethebleed.Availableprocesseseithercouldnorreduceironcontaminantssufficiently,orpulledouttoomuchvaluablecopperandcobaltalongwiththeiron.Basedonpilottestsofanewbreedofionexchangeseparatioinsystematthreedifferentminesitesonrepresentativeelectrolytes,analternmativetobleedingelectrolytesnowexists.Onthisbasis,processorscanshelvethewastefulelectrolytebleedingpractice.Already,onemajorcopperproducerisinstallingafullscalesystem.