简介：Staphylococcusepidermidisisoneoftheleadingpathogensofnosocomialinfections.Twenty-eightstrainsofbiofilm-negativeStaphylococcusepidermidis,ofwhichthirteenstrainsconsideredastheclinicalstrainswereisolatedfromcatheters,bloodandurineofpatientsinHuashanHospital(Shang-hai,China)andfifteenstrainsconsideredascommensalstrainswereisolatedfromtheskinofhealthystudentswhohadnocontactwithhospitalsinrecenthalfyear,wereinvestigatedfortheadherencetohumanumbilicalveinendothelialcelllineECV304andhumancervicaladenocareinomacelllineHela,respectively.Ourresultsshowedthattheclinicalstrainsweremuchmoreadhesivetobothcellsthancommensalones.Theendothelialadherencemaybeavirulencefactorassociatedwiththisbacterialpathogenesis.

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简介：Objective:Differentiatedthyroidcarcinomas(DTCs)areclassifiedintopapillarythyroidcarcinoma(PTC)andfollicularthyroidcarcinoma(FTC).DTCsareanalyzedasasinglegroupinclinicalstudiesthatinvestigatedtheprognosticfactorsandprognosisofthesemalignancies.However,thebiologicalbehaviorsofthesecarcinomassignificantlydiffer.Inthepresentstudy,weaimedtodetectdifferencesintheoutcomesbetweenPTCandFTCinMansouraUniversityHospitalinEgypt.Methods:Atotalof558patientswithhistologicallyproventhyroidcarcinomasfromJanuary2003toDecember2012wereretrospectivelyenrolled.Theclinicalandpathologicaldataofpatientswerereviewed.Results:Largeprimarytumorsize,lymphnodeinvolvement,extrathyroidextension,anddistantmetastasisweresignificantpoorprognosticfactorsforoverallsurvival(OS)inoldPTCpatients.Coxhazardanalysisshowedthatthepatient'sage,extrathyroidextension,anddistantmetastasisweretheonlyindependentprognosticfactors.InFTCpatients,onlythedistantmetastasisanddegreeoftumorinvasionweresignificantpoorprognosticfactorsinOSunivariateanalysis.However,thesefactorswerenonsignificantinmultivariateanalysis.The10-yearOSrateswere97%and89%forPTCandFTC,respectively(P=0.003).The10-yeardisease-freesurvival(DFS)rateswere77.2%inPTCvs.65%inFTC(P=0.179).Conclusion:ThesignificantprognosticfactorsvarybetweenthetwotypesofDTCs.Therefore,PTCandFTCpatientsneedtobeanalyzedandreportedindependently.PTCsurvivaliswidelyandsignificantlyaffectedbyage,extrathyroidextension,anddistantmetastasis.Bycontrast,thesefactorswerenonsignificantinFTC,whichshowedpoorersurvivalthanPTC.

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatetheChineseversionoftheLowVisionQualityofLifeQuestionnaire(CLVQOL)asaninstrumentforobtainingclinicallyimportantchangesaftercataractsurgery.METHODS:PatientsunderwentcataractsurgeryinShanghaiGeneralHospital,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,whofittheinclusioncriteriawererecruited.TwoCLVQOLswereadministered,includingapreoperativeCLVQOLandaCLVQOLattheendofthe3mofollow-upperiod,andwerecompletedusingface-to-faceinterviewsorphoneinterviewsconductedbytrainedinvestigators.Theminimalclinicallyimportantdifference(MCID)wascalculatedusingananchor-basedmethodandadistributionmethod.Inaddition,theresponsivenessofthequestionnairewasmeasured.RESULTS:Atotalof155residentswereenrolled.Theaveragevisualacuity(VA)preoperativelywas0.08(SD=0.05),anditincreasedto0.47(SD=0.28)attheendoffollowup.StatisticallysignificantpositivechangesintheCLVQOLscoresindicatedsignificantimprovementofvisionrelatedqualityoflifeaftercataractsurgery.Withthelargervaluebetweenthetworesultsasthefinalvalue,theMCIDvaluesoftheCLVQOL(scoresofthefourscalesaswellasthetotalscore)were8.94,2.61,4.34,3.10and17.63,respectively.TheCLVQOLhasbothgoodinternalandexternalresponsiveness.CONCLUSION:CLVQOLscoresareappropriateinstrumentsforobtainingclinicallyimportantchangesaftercataractsurgery.Thisstudyisaneffectiveexplorationforestablishingcataractsurgeryefficacystandards,whichhelpsclinicalandscientificresearchworkersinophthalmologytogainamorein-depthunderstandingwhenusingCLVQOL.

简介：Globozoospermia是round-headed精子与不在的acrosome，异常的原子膜和midpiece缺点描绘的teratozoospermia的一种严重形式。Globozoospermia被100%round-headed精子的存在在精液分析上诊断，并且有这个条件的病人绝对是不肥沃的。这研究的目的是在在人的round-headed和正常精子之间的蛋白质表示调查差别。二维(2-D)荧光差别胶化电气泳动(DIGE)结合了集体spectrometry(MS)在这研究被使用。超过61个蛋白质点在每配对的normal/round-headed比较被分析，用与一个内部标准一起的DIGE技术。总共，双人脚踏车团spectrometry(MS/MS)识别的35个蛋白质点展出了重要变化(配对的t测试，P<0.05)在在正常和round-headed精子之间的表示水平。九蛋白质的一个总数被发现是upregulated，26蛋白质被发现与正常精子相比是在round-headed精子的downregulated。差别表示了我们识别了的蛋白质可以在许多细胞的过程和结构有重要角色，包括精子发生，房间骨骼，新陈代谢和精子活动性。

简介：关于性别和临床疼痛的文献回顾显示，女性接受疼痛治疗多于男性；女性的疼痛比男性严重，频繁，持续时间长。实验室结果表明，对疼痛的感觉有性别上的差异，实验诱发疼痛的频率也有性别的不同。女性的疼痛阈值和对疼痛的耐受都低于男性。但很少有人关注这些差异是否反映了男女对疼痛反映的方式，对疼痛表达的社会习惯，或有害刺激作用方式的生物学差异。本文中，我们假设女性慢性口面部疼痛高发生率是一般疼痛机制的性别差异的结果，是到目前为止还不确定的颅面系统特定的因素引起的。我们将回顾有关疼痛性别差异的证据，主要集中在口面部疼痛，对影响疼痛发生率的生物学和心理社会因素的证据和假设进行讨论。

简介：Objective:Todescribethedifferentcharacteristicsbetweenfull-timesexworkers(FTSW)andpart-timesexworkers(PTSW)inGuangzhou,China,andtode-terminetheriskfactorswhichleadtothesignificantlyhigherprevalenceofgonorrheaandtrichomoniasisamongFTSW.Methods:FromMarch1998toOctober1999femalesexworkerswererecruitedthroughvariousoutreachmethods,andwereinterviewedandtestedforthepres-enceofsexuallytransmitteddiseases(STDs).IntermsofadditionalregularsalaryfemalesexworkersweredividedintoFTSWwhodidn'thaveadditionalregularsalaryandPTSWwhohadadditionalregularsalary.Univariateandmultivariatelogisticregressionanaly-seswereusedtoidentifyriskfactorsforgonorrhea/trichomoniasisandtodeterminetheconfoundersintherelationshipbetweennoregularsalaryandgonor-rhea/trichomoniasis.Results:Atotalof442FTSWand524PTSWen-teredthisstudy.Prevalenceofgonorrheaandtri-chomoniasiswassignificantlyhigherinFTSWcomparedtoPTSW.FTSWweremorelikelytohavealowereducationlevel,haveahistoryofinject-ingdrugsusesince1990,torecruitclientsinamas-sage/sauna,havebusinessmenastheirclientsandnothaveasteadypartnercomparedtoPTSW.Inbivariateanalysesmodels,ageleavingeducation,maintypesofclientsandrecruitmentlocationsappearedtobethestrongestlinksbetweennoregularsalariedpositionandgonorrhea.Ahistoryofinjectingdrugsandhay-ingnosteadypartner(past12months)appearedtobethestrongestlinksintherelationshipbetweennoregu-larsalariedpositionandtrichomoniasis.Conclusion:Differenteducationlevels,clients,andrecruitmentlocationsbetweenFTSWandPTSWmayaccountforthedifferentgonorrheaprevalenceamongsexworkers.Thehigherprevalenceoftrichomonia-sisamongFTSWmayberelatedtothelargerpropor-tionofwomenhavingnosteadypartnerorahistoryofinjectingdrugs.TheresultssuggeststrategiestopreventHIV/STDsamongfemalesexworkersshoul

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简介：如果将男女的大脑纵向剖开,我们可以看到两个几乎一模一样的浅灰核桃色体,它们之间只有一点区别:在男大脑中,或黄或红的斑点都集中在左侧;而在女人的大脑中,这些斑点则分布在左右两侧。红、黄两色的斑点标出了人脑紧张活动的区域。图像表明,在进行同样的语言表达的行为过程中,男人仅仅使用左脑,而女人则同时还使用右脑。

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简介：听说地中海饮食被证实对心脏十分好，真的是这样吗？追溯到60年前的研究已经得出饮食影响心脏病发作、中风和其他由动脉粥样硬化（动脉血疾病）所致的情况的比率。这些研究显示地中海饮食——富含橄榄油、水果、蔬菜、坚果和鱼类，低摄入红肉和加工肉类，以及适量的芝士和红酒——血管性疾病的发生率较低。

简介：说到男女之别，几乎人人都可以列出许多条，比如胡须、喉结、声音等。不过，你也许不会想到，营养也是男女有别的。人人都需要营养，而且对于蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素、微量元素以及热能等的需求，男女是“平等”的。不过，因为男女的生理机制不同，对养分的需求自然也各有侧重。

简介：Objective:ToanalyzethedifferentiallyexpressedcDNAsequencesrelatedtochlorophyllin(CHL)mediatedinhibitionofmalignanttransformationofhumanbronchia1epithelialcellline(16HBE).Methods:16HBEcellstreatedwithchlorophyllinandanti-BPDEwereconductedastester,16HBEcellstreatedonlywithanti-BPDEwereconductedasdriver,andcDNArepresentationaldifferenceanalysis(cDNARDA)wasusedtocomparethedifferentialgeneexpressionbetweenthetwokindsofcells.ThecDNAfragmentswereligatedtopGEM-TvectorandtransformedintoJM109bacteria.TheplasmidDNAwassequencedandcomparedwithdatabaseinGenBankbyBLASTN.Results:Amongthe5clonedcDNAsequences,threewerenovelandwereregisteredindbESTdatabase,twoshowedsequencehomologytoalpha-enolaseandanewlyfoundgeneribosomalproteinS18/S6-like.Conclusion:These5cDNAsequencesmightplayimportantrolesinantitransformingeffectofchlorophyllin.

简介：日常生活中常常有这样的事情：夫妇俩结婚几十年．丈夫仍然对妻子身上的一些奥秘感到大惑不解。比如说：为什么妻子能同时做好几件事情？为什么妻子讲话时总是流利顺畅，从不去想该用什么词汇？为什么妻子能记得多年前度假时认识的那对夫妇的名字？

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简介：也有许多用DD方法的研究,因此DD得到的是mRNA的标签（tags）,　　既往对mRNA的比较研究中多用减数杂交方法［4］（subtractionhybridization）

简介：本文通过对120例汉族和藏族学生耐力和爆发力体育项目成绩分析，探讨汉、藏学生素质差异。结果可见，藏族学生耐力和爆发力成绩均明显好于汉族学生；反映出藏族和汉族学生的体质存在有差异（p〈0．05或0．01），藏族学生体质好于汉族学生。

简介：摘要麻黄与麻黄根药效上存在着本质的差别，但是现在药房好多饮片还是会混淆。

简介：Higgins（1987）的自我差异理论假段不同类型的自我差异与特定的情绪问题有关，实际一理想自我差异与抑郁相关情绪相联系，实际—的自我差异与焦虑相关情绪相联系。当前，该理论在国外颇具影响，激发了大量的研究。本文通过介绍Higgins的自我差异理论及其公展，并从该理论对自我的认识、研究方法和理论假设三个方面作进一步的思考。

简介：［摘要］目的：进行不同产地人参差异蛋白的研究。方法：首先确定人参蛋白的提取方法以及膜杂交实验条件，进而使用多肽阵列与不同产地的人参蛋白进行杂交。结果：不同产地人参蛋白有明显差异，其中高纬度地区（逊克、木兰）人参蛋白与低纬度地区（长白、集安、抚松）人参蛋白间差异较大，同一纬度地区人参蛋白差异较小。结论：多肽阵列技术能够进行不同生长条件下人参差异蛋白的研究，不同产地的人参蛋白具有明显的差异。此外，获得人参蛋白特征性表达图谱，可用于人参的鉴定。